Dissertation Research: Cold War Conservation: International Science, National Resources, and Reproductive Limits

论文研究：冷战保护：国际科学、国家资源和繁殖限制

• 批准号: 9729903
• 负责人: Gregg Mitman
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-01-15 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9729903&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Cold; War; Conservation

This dissertation project explores unexamined aspects of the history of biological determinism in the twentieth century through a focus on postwar international conservation and its influence upon land-use planning and human population control. International post-war conservation efforts asserted a primary role suggesting a revised relationship between the biological and the social sciences. Frank Fraser Darling, Julian Huxley, Fairfield Osborn, and William Vogt claimed biology must be the arbiter of the social order if the human species is to survive. Environmental determination of a populations's optimum density meant that only biologists could judge what constituted a quantitatively and qualitatively appropriate population. These four international figures were ardent conservationists who participated in the founding of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUNC), a non-governmental organization recognized by UNESCO. A study of IUCN initiatives in the 1950's will reveal much about the significance and influence of biological and political concerns regarding reproductive limits and resource scarcity on land-use planning and population control during the Cold War.

本论文项目通过对战后国际保护及其对土地利用规划和人口控制的影响的关注，探讨了二十世纪生物决定论历史中未被研究的方面。国际战后保护工作主张主要作用，表明生物科学和社会科学之间的关系得到修订。弗兰克·弗雷泽·达林、朱利安·赫胥黎、费尔菲尔德·奥斯本和威廉·沃格特声称，如果人类物种要生存下去，生物学必须是社会秩序的仲裁者。环境决定了种群的最佳密度，这意味着只有生物学家才能判断什么构成了数量和质量上合适的种群。这四位国际人物都是热心的自然保护主义者，他们参与创立了联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）认可的非政府组织国际自然保护联盟（IUNC）。对自然保护联盟1950年代倡议的研究将揭示冷战期间关于生殖限制和资源短缺的生物和政治关切对土地使用规划和人口控制的重要性和影响。