CRB: Methods of Genealogical and Genetic Analysis in Conservation Biology

从遗传学的角度来看，保护生物学需要 保持遗传多样性或变异性。 长 在一段时间内，突变提供了遗传变异， 自然选择可能起的作用。 然而，在人群中， 在几代人的时间里， 变化可能会丢失。 一旦丢失，需要很长时间 突变以重建先前存在的遗传水平 多样性 此外，许多物种现在受到极端和 非自然选择 因此，具有实际重要性的是， 研究小种群中遗传变异的维持。 小群体中基因存活的问题一直是 近年来，新的统计方法已经 发现应用于评估遗传潜力， 小种群的濒危物种，如安第斯山脉 秃鹰和普氏野马 这项统计研究将是 伊丽莎白·汤普森博士和她的三个项目 华盛顿大学的同事。 对谱系的分析有三个方面 一个小群体的结构，所有这些都直接 与遗传管理相关，因此与 物种保护生物学 从中央三重奏的 系谱、遗传模型和观察数据，可以考虑 系谱结构的推论，遗传基础的推论 或计算基因突变的概率 生存或特定表型事件。 当前 建议的重点是以前的方法的扩展， 为这三个领域制定新的办法， 复杂的遗传数据，如DNA、指纹数据。 一个 了解遗传和谱系结构， 种群是保护的基础， 物种以有限的数量或分散的分离物存在。 研究 单靠遗传学并不能提供具体的解决方案。 然而，所有物种都有基因，所有种群都有谱系， 所有的基因分离物都有一种结构， 维护和长期生存。

From a genetic perspective, conservation biology requires the preservation of genetic diversity or variability. Over long periods of time, mutation provides the genetic variation upon which natural selection may act. However, in populations constrained in size over several generations, much of the genetic variation may be lost. Once lost, a very long time is required for mutation to reestablish pre.existing levels of genetic diversity. Moreover, many species are now subject to extreme and unnatural selection. It is therefore of practical importance to study the maintenance of genetic variation in small populations. Questions of gene survival in small populations have been well studied in recent years, and new statistical methodology has found application in the assessment of the genetic potential of small populations of endangered species, such as the Andean condor and Przewalski's horse. This statistical research will be extended in three projects by Dr. Elizabeth Thompson and her colleagues at the University of Washington. There are three aspects of the analysis of the pedigree structure of a small population, all of which are directly relevant to the genetic management, and thence to the conservation biology of species. From the central trio of pedigree, genetic model, and observational data, one can consider inferences of pedigree structure, inferences of the genetic basis of an observed trait, or computation of probabilities of gene survival or of specific phenotypic events. The currently proposed focus is the extension of previous methods and development of new approaches to these three areas, in the context of complex genetic data such as DNA.fingerprint data. An understanding of the genetic and genealogical structure of populations is fundamental to conservation, where endangered species exist in limited numbers or fragmented isolates. A study of the genetics alone cannot provide specific solutions. However, all species have genes, all populations have pedigrees, and all genetic isolates have a structure that will affect their maintenance and long.term survival.