Assessment of Transportation Problems Incurred In the Aftermath of San Francisco Earthquake

大多数与灾害情况有关的运输行动不能在实验室进行测试或评估，也不能从正常情况下推断。它们必须通过现实生活中的事件来获得，而在地震的情况下，这种情况很少见。1989年10月17日旧金山湾区地震后，交通运输和运输相关领域发生的最重大事件是交通设施倒塌，特别是桥梁，这造成了交通网络的中断。这些故障影响了搜救、灭火和现场疏散等几项应急管理职能。他们还限制人员和货物在湾区各社区之间的流动。该项目的主要重点是研究和评估交通系统故障对应急管理功能的影响，并评估所实施的各种交通分流策略的制定和实施为受影响地区的旅行者提供可达性和流动性。开发的策略和模型将加强墨西哥城地震后在这一领域开展的工作，并测试其对美国环境的适用性。这些成果将协助应急管理人员和规划者确定和分配人员和设备，派遣应急车辆，并制定交通分流战略，以避免瓶颈和最大限度地减少延误。它们还将使人们注意到，由于运输网络的关键要素发生故障，企业和个人所产生的巨大运输成本。

Most transportation actions regarding disaster conditions cannot be tested or evaluated in a laboratory or inferred from normal situations. They have to be acquired through real-life events which in the case of an earthquake is a rare occurrence. The most significant events in the transportation and transportation related-field that followed the October 17, 1989 San Francisco Bay Area earthquake is the collapse of transportation facilities, particularly bridges, which caused discontinuity in the transportation network. These failures impacted several emergency management functions such as search and rescue, fire fighting and site evacuations. They also restricted the movement of people and goods among the various communities of the Bay Area. The main focus of this project is to study and assess the impacts of transportation system failures on emergency management functions and to evaluate the development and implementation of various traffic diversion strategies carried to provide accessibility and mobility to the travelers in the affected region. The developed strategies and models will enhance the work conducted after the Mexico City earthquake in this field, and test its applicability to the U.S. environment. The results will assist emergency managers and planners in the location and allocation of personnel and equipment, in the dispatch of emergency vehicles, and in the development of traffic diversion strategies that will avoid bottlenecks and minimize delays. They will also bring into focus the tremendous transportation costs incurred by business as well as by individuals as a result of the failure of key elements of the transportation network.