A Parasitism-Specific Hemolymph Protein in the Fruit Fly Host, Anastrepha suspensa: Its Identification, Characterization and Function

当寄生蜂Biostereslongicaudatus的雌性产卵时， 卵在幼虫的加勒比海果蝇，Anastrepha suspensa他们 也会将病毒引入宿主昆虫的血液中。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 在2-3天内，被寄生幼虫的血液中出现一种新的蛋白质， 天后寄生，但缺席的unparasitized个人。 寄生虫幼虫在宿主体内的数量影响了寄生虫的数量。 蛋白质检测，也抑制进一步发展，甚至之前， 寄生虫会消耗宿主的组织 粗蛋白注射液 进入健康的果蝇幼虫， 阶段以同样的方式做过寄生（几个 寄生虫/幼虫）。 因此，这种寄生虫特异性蛋白可能是 果蝇发育中断的直接原因。 在这个实验室里， 劳伦斯博士将纯化蛋白质，以确定其具体 对宿主的影响，希望它可以被用来破坏 果蝇发育，从而抑制成虫种群。 在 本提案中描述的工作，PI希望确定 当蛋白质被分泌时， 在蛋白质合成最多的时候。 基本 本项目提出的生理和生物化学研究将 有助于描述蛋白质的特征，并表明它是如何，如果有的话， 被用作果蝇发育中断的潜在工具， 控制 有迹象表明这种寄生虫特异性 蛋白质可能与随黄蜂卵引入的病毒有关。 因此，病毒本身可能被培养， 提取的蛋白质（但这不是拟议研究的一部分）。 加勒比果蝇是一种热带和亚热带的害虫， 产于佛罗里达和加勒比海部分地区的水果。 它是近亲 北美苹果或蓝莓蛆和臭名昭著的 地中海实蝇（Medfly）是柑橘的主要威胁， 加州和佛罗里达。 地中海果蝇和相关的果蝇是 被寄生蜂攻击，这些寄生蜂与 在这项研究中提出。 因此，这些研究结果将是最 与这些果蝇寄生蜂系统有关。 此外，由于 这种寄生虫也被用于生物控制计划， 地中海实蝇在希腊等国家，这里提出的研究， 应用潜力的果蝇控制。

When females of the parasitic wasp Biosteres longicaudatus lay their eggs in larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa they also introduce viruses into the blood of the host insect. In addition, a new protein appears in the blood of the parasitized larvae within 2-3 days after parasitization but is absent from unparasitized individuals. The numbers of parasite larvae in a host influence the amount of the protein detected and also inhibit further development even before the parasites consume the host's tissues. Injections of the crude protein into healthy fruit fly larvae inhibit their development to the pupal stage in the same way as does superparasitism (several parasites/larvae). Thus, this parasitism-specific protein may be the direct cause of fruit fly development disruption. In this laboratory, Dr. Lawrence will purify the protein in order to identify its specific effects on the host in the hope that it can be utilized to disrupt fruit fly development and thereby suppression adult populations. In the work described in this proposal, the PI wishes to determine where and when the protein is secreted in order to extract the largest amount of the protein during the time of its maximum synthesis. The basic physiological and biochemical studies proposed in this project will help to characterize the protein and indicate how, if at all, it may be exploited as a potential tool in fruit fly developmental disruption and control. There are some indications that this parasitism-specific protein may be related to the viruses introduced with the wasp egg. Thus, the viruses themselves could potentially be cultured and the protein extracted (but this is not part of the proposed study). The Caribbean fruit fly is a pest of several tropical and subtropical fruits in Florida and parts of the Caribbean. It is a close relative of the North American apple or blueberry maggot and the notorious Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), a major threat to citrus in California and Florida. The Medfly and related fruit flies are attacked by parasitic wasps that are closely related to the one proposed in this study. Thus these research findings would be most relevant to these fruit fly-parasitic wasp systems. Further, since this parasite is also used in biological control programs against the Medfly in countries like Greece, the studies proposed here have application potential for fruit fly control.