Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Emissions from Plants

工厂的非甲烷碳氢化合物排放

• 批准号: 9007849
• 负责人: Richard Fall
• 金额: $ 29万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1994-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9007849&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Non; Methane; Hydrocarbon; Emissions; Plants

Natural hydrocarbon emissions from plants, estimated to be 830 Tg per year globally, play an important role in the generation of tropospheric ozone, regulation of daytime OH concentration, and are precursors of CO. However, there are many uncertainties in regional and global inventories of these biogenic compounds. Much of the uncertainty arises because there is a lack of precise data relating hydrocarbon emissions to key environmental variables that regulate such emissions from vegetation. This is especially true for emissions of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), the single most abundant hydrocarbon emitted from plants. Many questions can be posed concerning NMHC emissions, 1. What major NMHC are emitted from plants? 2. What environmental variables control NMHC emissions? 3. Do environmental stresses increase or decrease NMHC emissions? 4. What are the biochemical pathways for biosynthesis of NMHC and where is synthesis located in plant cells? 5. Can we develop a mechanism based model to explain NMHC emissions from plants? 6. Why do plants emit NMHC such as isoprene? The major goal of this work is to attempt to answer these questions in the case of isoprene emission from plants. Second, the project addresses a subset of these question in plants that emit a mixture of NMHC, focusing on the simultaneous measurement of isoprene and monoterpene emissions from the same leaves. This will provide new details for the environmental control for monoterpene emissions. Third, while the above experiments are conducted there will be simultaneous monitoring of emissions of oxygenated hydrocarbons (oxHC), such as acetone, methanol, ethanol and acetaldehyde. This will provide a framework for understanding the physiological and environmental conditions that lead to the emission of oxHC from plants.

全球植物的天然碳氢化合物排放量估计为每年830 Tg，在对流层臭氧的产生、白天OH浓度的调节和CO的前体中发挥重要作用。然而，这些生物源化合物的区域和全球清单存在许多不确定性。这种不确定性很大程度上是因为缺乏将碳氢化合物排放与调节植物排放的关键环境变量联系起来的精确数据。异戊二烯（2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯）的排放尤其如此，这是植物排放的最丰富的单一碳氢化合物。关于NMHC排放可以提出许多问题，1。植物排放哪些主要的NMHC ？2. 哪些环境变量控制NMHC的排放？3. 环境压力是增加还是减少NMHC排放？4. NMHC生物合成的生化途径是什么？合成在植物细胞中的位置是什么？5. 我们能否建立一个基于机制的模型来解释工厂的NMHC排放？6. 为什么植物会释放像异戊二烯这样的NMHC ？这项工作的主要目标是试图在植物异戊二烯排放的情况下回答这些问题。其次，该项目在排放NMHC混合物的植物中解决了这些问题的一个子集，重点是同时测量来自同一叶片的异戊二烯和单萜烯的排放量。这将为单萜烯排放的环境控制提供新的细节。第三，在进行上述实验的同时，将同时监测含氧碳氢化合物（oxHC）的排放，如丙酮、甲醇、乙醇和乙醛。这将为理解导致植物排放氧化hc的生理和环境条件提供一个框架。