LTER: Comparative Studies of a Suite of Lakes in Wisconsin

北温带湖泊的长期生态研究是一项 对七个湖泊及其周围景观的综合研究 位于北方威斯康星州。 这项研究旨在回答研究 问题跨越更长的时间和更广泛的空间尺度， 典型的生态学研究。 因此， 分析全球变化， 知识 有五个相互关联的研究领域：1） 对长期趋势的看法，2）物理， 化学和生物过程，3）时间响应 干扰与胁迫; 4）空间异质性 和时间变异性，以及5）将结果推广到 景观尺度 全面的数据收集和管理 已建立一个系统来处理这些领域的问题并提供数据 更广泛的科学界。 气候、水文和 陆地对湖泊的强迫分析沿着与内部 决定地球化学循环动力学的过程， 生产和物种丰富度。 干扰/压力 评估包括物种入侵，气候变暖和酸性 降水 空间异质性和尺度研究， 对湖泊的时间变化和感知的影响 系统. 区域水文学的空间显式模型， 水质正在落实。湖泊动力学是 与其他生态系统类型相比，LTER内外 网络

Long-Term Ecological Research on north temperate lakes is a comprehensive study of seven lakes and the surrounding landscape in northern Wisconsin. The study is designed to answer research questions spanning longer time and broader space scales than typical of ecological research. Thus, it is especially relevant to analyzing global change and regionalizing site specific knowledge. There are five interrelated research areas: 1) perception of long-term trends, 2) interactions among physical, chemical, and biological processes, 3) temporal responses to disturbance and stress, 4) relation between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability, and 5) generalization of results to a landscape scale. A comprehensive data collection and management system is in place to address these areas and make data available to the broader scientific community. Climatic, hydrologic, and terrestrial forcing on lakes is analyzed along with internal processes determining the dynamics of biogeochemical cycling, production, and species abundances. Disturbances/stresses being evaluated include species invasions, climate warming, and acidic precipitation. Spatial heterogeneity and scale are studied as influences on temporal variation in, and perceptions of, lake systems. Spatially explicit models of regional hydrology and water quality are being implemented. Dynamics of lakes are compared with other ecosystems types, inside and outside the LTER network.