Cross-Site Comparisons, Syntheses and Internationalization: LTER-NTL Site

小行星9416810 该项目包括三项关于区域至全球范围内温带湖泊长期时空动态的国际努力。 三个问题得到解决的数据广泛分散，多个湖区。 这些问题是： 1.当在区域和全球尺度上考虑湖泊地区时，湖泊生态系统的生态变化和组织会出现什么样的模式？ 2.个别湖泊物种的得失模式是否与一个区域内湖泊物种出现的总体模式有关？ 3.对地球仪周围湖冰冻结和破裂物候的分析能否用来描述和理解气候的大尺度动力学和趋势？ 湖泊生态变异与组织研究将考察湖泊在湖区内的时间变异模式（一致性），探讨不同湖区内湖泊间景观位置与湖泊变异的关系，以及湖泊变异与湖泊地貌、土地等因素的关系 使用. 比较将提供机会，以确定是否观察到的模式， 北方高地湖区横跨世界各地湖区。 对鱼类和浮游动物物种增减的分析将调查区域 不同湖区的物种获得、损失和周转率的动态，将这些 这些区域内湖泊之间相互联系的程度和强度的动态， 并研究人类活动如何影响这些过程。 北方湖冰物候、气候变化和变率分析 半球，将分析解冻和冻结日期的年际变化， 可能是气候的变化。 在威斯康星州观察到的模式 北方更大的地区呢？ 最近的变暖模式是基于 解体日期，以及与ENSO事件和年代际或更长时间相关的变率 时间尺度 预期的模式将通过全球气候和冰冻结产生 建模

9416810 Magnuson This project encompasses three international efforts on the long-term temporal and spatial dynamics of temperate lakes at regional to global scales. Three questions are addressed with data from widely scattered, multiple lake districts. These questions are: 1. What patterns occur in ecological variability and organization of lake ecosystems when lake districts are considered at regional and global scales? 2. Can patterns of gains and losses of species from individual lakes be related to the overall patterns of species occurrence for lakes within a region? 3. Can analyses of lake ice freeze and breakup phenologies around the globe be used to describe and understand large scale dynamics and trends in climate? The study of ecological variability and organization of lake districts will examine temporal variability patterns (conherence) of lakes within lake districts, explore the relationship between landscape position and lake variability across lakes in different lake districts, and examine relations between lake variability and factors such as lake morphometry and land use. Comparisons will provide opportunities to determine whether patterns observed at the Northern Highland Lake District occur across lake districts worldwide. The analyses of gains and losses of fish and zooplankton species will investigate regional dynamics of species gains, losses, and turnover rates in different lake districts, relate these dynamics to the extent and strength of interconnections among lakes within these regions, and investigate how human activities may influence these processes. The analyses of lake ice phenology, climate change, and variability in the Northern Hemisphere, will analyze interannual variability in thaw and freeze dates and where possible the antecedent climatic variability. Are observed patterns in Wisconsin general for larger regions of the northern hemisphere? Patterns are the recent warming based on breakup dates, and variabili ty associated with ENSO events and inderdecadal or longer time scales. Expected patterns will be generated through global climate and ice freeze modeling.