The Geometrical Structure and Physics of Coronal Mass Ejections

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Abstract Solar disturbances produce major effects on the corona, the solar wind, the interplanetary medium, and the Earth along with its magnetosphere. New techniques have been developed for studying plasma disturbances in the inner heliosphere. This research will continue to investigate the physics of these disturbances, using data from the HELIOS zodiacal-light photometers and a variety of other coronal instruments. The zodiacal-light photometers have already provided the first stereoscopic information about the heliospheric shape of these disturbances. Modelling techniques will also be employed to interpret and fit the observed results. The HELIOS imaging combined with other observations should provide a unique opportunity to determine coronal mass-ejection velocities, streamer material velocities, 3D structures, and total masses in the interplanetary medium. This can be done with fewer assumptions and more accuracy than previously possible. Besides mass ejections, solar disturbances which reach the interplanetary medium also include coronal streamers, shocks, and co-rotating interaction regions, It has been possible to view these features with the zodiacal-light photometers on board the HELIOS spacecraft and these will be studied to determine how they relate to near-surface solar structures and the heliospheric current sheet. The study will be extended to include comparisons of the HELIOS photometer observations with other remote sensing observations including those of kilometric radio bursts and interplanetary scintillations provided by the Cambridge, England scintillation array. *** //