The Geometrical Structure and Physics of Coronal Mass Ejections

摘要太阳扰动对日冕、太阳风、行星际介质和地球及其磁层产生重大影响。研究内日光层等离子体扰动的新技术已经开发出来。这项研究将利用HELIOS黄道光测光仪和各种其他日冕仪器的数据，继续研究这些扰动的物理机制。黄道光测光仪已经提供了有关这些扰动的日球层形状的第一批立体信息。还将采用建模技术来解释和拟合观测结果。HELIOS成像与其他观测相结合，应该提供一个独特的机会来确定日冕物质抛射速度、流光物质速度、3D结构和行星际介质中的总质量。这可以用比以前更少的假设和更高的准确性来完成。除了物质抛射，到达行星际介质的太阳扰动还包括日冕流光、激波和共同旋转的相互作用区，可以使用HELIOS航天器上的黄道光测光仪观察这些特征，并将对这些特征进行研究，以确定它们与近地表太阳结构和日光层电流片的关系。这项研究将扩大到包括HELIOS光度计观测与其他遥感观测的比较，包括由英国剑桥闪烁阵列提供的千米射电爆发和星际闪烁的观测。*//

Abstract Solar disturbances produce major effects on the corona, the solar wind, the interplanetary medium, and the Earth along with its magnetosphere. New techniques have been developed for studying plasma disturbances in the inner heliosphere. This research will continue to investigate the physics of these disturbances, using data from the HELIOS zodiacal-light photometers and a variety of other coronal instruments. The zodiacal-light photometers have already provided the first stereoscopic information about the heliospheric shape of these disturbances. Modelling techniques will also be employed to interpret and fit the observed results. The HELIOS imaging combined with other observations should provide a unique opportunity to determine coronal mass-ejection velocities, streamer material velocities, 3D structures, and total masses in the interplanetary medium. This can be done with fewer assumptions and more accuracy than previously possible. Besides mass ejections, solar disturbances which reach the interplanetary medium also include coronal streamers, shocks, and co-rotating interaction regions, It has been possible to view these features with the zodiacal-light photometers on board the HELIOS spacecraft and these will be studied to determine how they relate to near-surface solar structures and the heliospheric current sheet. The study will be extended to include comparisons of the HELIOS photometer observations with other remote sensing observations including those of kilometric radio bursts and interplanetary scintillations provided by the Cambridge, England scintillation array. *** //