Order and Disorder in Dynamical Systems: Sand Flow and Superfluid Helium Mixtures

研究建议在两个主要领域：物理流动 3 He/S中的热流和对流动力学 超流体4 He混合物 具体研究： 沙子：-1。 利用X射线和其他技术， 我们在简单的流动实验中发现的波。 2. 继续使用元胞自动机对这些流进行建模。 3. 的 已知的非线性（可能是分形）应力链， 在二维磁盘阵列中形成，并且可能在三维磁盘阵列中出现。 也是谷物阵列。 氦：-1。 继续进行实验性和理论性的 超流混合物中对流状态的表征。 2. 使用私家侦探最近开发的技术。探测 输运系数和Kapitsa（边界）阻力， 超流体4 He中3 He的稀释混合物。 对颗粒动力学的理解将导致 技术改进，并可能避免 灾难 关于他的拟议工作将增加我们的知识 量子力学系统。 此外，它是一些 技术重要性，因为它可能有助于解释 包括臭氧在内的物质在温带和温带之间的迁移， 极地纬度

Studies are proposed in two main areas: the physics of flowing sand and the dynamics of heat flow and convection in liquid 3He / superfluid 4He mixtures. Specific studies: Sand:- 1. Using X-ray and other techniques, the propagating waves that we have discovered in simple flow experiments. 2. Continue modeling these flows using cellular automata. 3. The filamentary (and possibly fractal) stress chains which are known to form in two-dimensional arrays of disks and probably occur in 3-d grain arrays as well. Helium:- 1. Continue an experimental and theoretical characterization of the convective states in superfluid mixtures. 2. Use techniques recently developed by the P.I. to probe the transport coefficients and Kapitsa (boundary) resistance for very dilute mixtures of 3He in superfluid 4He. An understanding of granular dynamics would lead to iportant technological improvements and possibly the avoidance of catastrophes. The proposed work on He will enhance our knowledge of quantum-mechanical systems. In addition, it is of some technical importance in that it may help to explain limitations on the transport of matter, including ozone between temperate and polar latitudes.