Evolution of Specificity in Insect/Plant Interactions

昆虫/植物相互作用特异性的演变

• 批准号: 9019884
• 负责人: John Thompson
• 金额: $ 35.56万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-01-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9019884&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Specificity; Insect; Plant; Interactions

Funds are requested for a study of how oviposition preference and specificity evolve in phytophagous insects during shifts onto new hosts. Current theory for host choice in insects holds that ovipositing females exhibit a preference hierarchy among potential host plants and according to the rank order in the hierarchy. Host shifts then begin either as (a) genetic shifts in the preference hierarchy, (b) genetic changes that decrease the degree of specificity to highly ranked hosts and thereby broaden the range of hosts, or (c) colonization of plants lower on the preference hierarchy in the absence of more highly ranked plants with little or no genetic change in preference. Recent work on two closely-related swallowtail butterfly species, Papilio zelicaon and P. oregonius, that feed on different plant families showed that these species exhibit quite different preference hierarchies. Preliminary studies of other populations within this species complex, however, indicate that some host shifts may not involve complete rearrangements in preference hierarchy but instead reflect changes in degree of specificity or behavioral responses to available hosts. This variation provides an opportunity to ask how much rearrangement of the preference hierarchy has occurred as populations in the P. machaon species complex have diversified onto different host plants. Therefore, the proposed work will ask if the conclusions on the evolution of oviposition preference drawn from interspecific differences between P. zelicaon and P. oregonius apply to population differentiation and speciation throughout the P. machaon species complex in North America. Objective 1 will ask how umbellifer-feeding species of the P. machaon complex differ in their preference hierarchy for plant species. That is, has colonization of new hosts always involved a reordering of the preference hierarchy and, if not, which hosts have required such a reordering? Objective 2 will ask if populations of P. zelicaon differ in their preference hierarchy. Papilio zelicaon populations differ geographically in their host plants. Consequently, it is possible to compare the interspecific results from objective 1 with intraspecific results in this section. Finally, Objective 3 will ask whether differences in preference hierarchy among populations of P. zelicaon are inherited as X- linked loci as are the interspecific difference between P. zelicaon and P. oregonius. The recent finding that the major interspecific differences are primarily X-linked provides for the first time the opportunity to compare the mode of inheritance of intraspecific divergence in host preference with that observed for interspecific divergence. Thompson Together, the results for the three objectives will aid in the development of the theory of insect/plant interactions by addressing the fundamental problem of how oviposition preference diverges as insect populations colonize new host plants. Since much of insect diversity appears to arise from divergence onto different host species, the proposed work therefore also addresses the problem of the origins of insect diversity.

要求拨款研究产卵 植物性昆虫的偏好和专一性在进化过程中 转移到新的宿主身上 当前的宿主选择理论 昆虫认为产卵的雌虫 潜在寄主植物之间的等级，并根据等级 等级制度中的秩序。 然后主机切换开始，或者（a） 偏好等级中的遗传变化，（B）遗传变化 降低了对高等级宿主的特异性程度 从而扩大宿主的范围，或（c） 在没有更多的选择的情况下， 高度排名的植物，很少或没有遗传变化， 偏好 两种密切相关的燕尾蝶的最新研究 蝴蝶种类，凤蝶zelicaon和P. oregonius， 在不同的植物科表明，这些物种表现出 不同的偏好等级 的初步研究 然而，这个物种复合体中的其他种群表明， 一些宿主的转移可能不涉及完全的重排， 偏好等级，而是反映了 特异性或对可用宿主的行为反应。 这 变异提供了一个机会， 的偏好等级已经发生了人口在P。 Machaon物种复合体已经多样化到不同的宿主上 植物 因此，建议的工作将问，如果结论 关于产卵偏好的进化， zelicaon和P. oregonius的种间差异 适用于整个地球上的种群分化和物种形成 P. machaon在北美的物种复合体。 目标1将 问一下以伞形科植物为食的马夏松复合体 对植物种类的偏好等级不同。 也就是说， 新宿主的殖民化是否总是涉及到 首选项层次结构，如果没有，则需要哪些主机 这样的重组？ 目标2将询问P. zelicaon的偏好等级不同。 泽丽凤蝶 种群在其寄主植物上的地理位置不同。 因此，可以比较种间结果 从目标1与本节的种内结果。 最后，目标3将询问偏好的差异是否 种群间等级遗传为X- 连锁基因座的差异也是P. zelicaon和P. oregonius。 最近的研究发现， 种间差异主要是X连锁的， 第一次有机会比较的继承方式 宿主偏好与观察到的种内差异 种间分歧的原因 汤普森 这三个目标的结果将有助于 昆虫/植物相互作用理论的发展， 解决产卵偏好如何 当昆虫种群在新的寄主植物上定居时， 以来 许多昆虫的多样性似乎来自于 不同的宿主物种，因此，拟议的工作也 解决了昆虫多样性的起源问题。