Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts: Supported Aqueous Phases, Ion Exchange Resins, and Membranes

均相催化剂的固定化：负载水相、离子交换树脂和膜

• 批准号: 9101846
• 负责人: Brian Hanson
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-06-01 至 1994-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9101846&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Immobilization; Homogeneous; Catalysts; Supported; Aqueous

Effective immobilization of homogeneous catalysts is technologically important for the petrochemical and fine- chemical industries. This work addresses techniques for catalyst immobilization that are applicable both to large- scale and to small-scale production. The use of supported aqueous-phase (SAP) catalysts has already been shown to be effective for hydroformylation of a variety of olefins. The present work examines the unique properties of SAP catalysts using physicochemical approaches, in particular the role of water in the determination of catalytic activity. The SAP concept is also extended to catalytic oxidations. Additionally, other immobilization techniques are explored, including ion-exchange resins as a means to immobilize catalysts with functionalized ligands, and the use of very large, but soluble, ligands combined with membrane separation technology. Many homogeneous (soluble) catalysts are known to facilitate chemical transformations with high selectivity under mild conditions, but their commercial use is inhibited by the high cost of separating the products from the solution containing the catalyst and the fact that reusing the catalyst is often difficult if not impossible. Immobilization techniques offer the prospect of circumventing these problems by making the homogeneous catalysts behave more like heterogeneous catalysts. Accomplishing this while preserving the desirable catalytic properties has proven to be difficult, but the benefit in potential new processes would be enormous.

均相催化剂的有效固定化是 对石化和精细化工具有重要的技术意义， 化工. 这项工作涉及的技术， 催化剂固定化既适用于大型， 规模和小规模生产。 使用支持的 水相（SAP）催化剂已经被证明是 有效用于各种烯烃的加氢精制。 的 目前的工作研究了SAP催化剂的独特性能 使用物理化学方法，特别是 水催化活性的测定。 的sap 概念也扩展到催化氧化。 此外，还探索了其他固定化技术， 包括离子交换树脂作为一种手段， 具有官能化配体的催化剂，以及非常 大但可溶的配体与膜分离相结合 技术. 已知许多均相（可溶性）催化剂有助于 温和条件下高选择性的化学转化 条件，但其商业用途受到高 从含有以下物质的溶液中分离产物的成本 催化剂和重复使用催化剂的事实往往是 即使不是不可能，也很困难。 固定技术提供了 解决这些问题的前景 均相催化剂表现得更像非均相催化剂 催化剂的 在实现这一目标的同时， 催化性能已被证明是困难的，但 潜在的新工艺将带来巨大的好处。