Significance and Consequences of Avian Vocal Development

鸟类发声发展的意义和后果

• 批准号: 9111666
• 负责人: Donald Kroodsma
• 金额: $ 14.2万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-03-15 至 1995-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9111666&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Significance; Consequences; Avian; Vocal; Development

Much current literature, covering a variety of sensory modes and animal groups, focuses on identifying cues that individuals use to assess one another and on the evolution of those cues. Such cues may be used during either interactions between animals of the same sex or interactions between animals of opposite sex. How animals perceive one another during these interactions has important implications for evolution of traits. Understanding how animals may use vocal cues has been hampered, however, by the difficulty of establishing cause and effect, rather than just correlation, between the vocal behavior and its possible consequences. By taking advantage of the vocal learning abilities of songbirds, Dr. Kroodsma will be able to experimentally "assign" different vocal behaviors to different individuals. With cues assigned at random and therefore irrespective of other male qualities, hypothesis testing can proceed. Initial studies will focus on song repertoire size in marsh wrens, and study of other vocal behaviors in other species will follow. Individuals with "assigned behaviors" become invaluable in other experiments that test for cause-and-effect relationships between behavior and brain characteristics; correlations have been discovered between song repertoire size and the volume of song control centers in the avian forebrain, for example, but until either the behavior (as in Dr. Kroodsma's experiments) or the brain is manipulated experimentally, one cannot determine the direction of causation.

许多当前的文献，涵盖了各种感官模式， 动物群体，侧重于识别个人使用的线索， 来评估彼此以及这些线索的演变。 等 在动物之间的相互作用期间， 同性或异性动物之间的互动。 动物在这些互动中如何感知彼此， 对性状进化的重要影响。 理解 然而，动物如何使用声音线索一直受到阻碍， 难以建立因果关系，而不是仅仅 相关性，发声行为和其可能的 后果 通过利用声乐学习 Kroodsma博士将能够 实验性地将不同的发声行为“分配”给不同的 个体 随机分配线索， 不管男性的其他品质如何，假设检验可以 继续. 最初的研究将集中在歌曲曲目的大小， 沼泽弗伦斯，以及对其他物种的其他发声行为的研究 也会随之 具有“指定行为”的个人成为 在其他测试因果关系的实验中是无价的 行为和大脑特征之间的关系; 已经发现歌曲曲目大小之间的相关性， 以及鸟类前脑中的鸣唱控制中心的体积， 例如，但直到行为（如Kroodsma博士的 实验）或大脑被实验性地操纵， 无法确定因果关系的方向。