Avian phenotypic transitions; acting constraints, mechanisms and consequences

禽类表型转变；

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05628
• 负责人: Vézina, François
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745109
• 关键词: Avian; phenotypic; transitions; acting; constraints

The long-term objectives of this program are to identify the mechanisms that limit phenotypic flexibility in birds facing high energy demands and to determine the consequences of these limits on fitness. Over the next 5 years, we will study the trade-offs resulting from phenotypic mismatches occurring during transitions between life-history stages, and during changes in environmental conditions. We will (1) examine the mechanisms underlying slow adjustments in avian cold endurance following rapid changes in temperature. This will be conducted at the UQAR Avian Facility by tracking individual physiological adjustments in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) after a sudden drop or increase in temperature. We will also (2) examine physiological consequences of limited flexibility in extreme phenotypes. This will be done under experimental conditions by comparing the physiological responses of warm and cold acclimated pine siskins (Pinus Spinus) exposed to increased thermoregulatory demands and also across the Canadian Arctic (East Bay 62°N, Alert 82°N), where cold specialized snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) encounter temperatures rising above their heat tolerance limit. Working with chickadees at the Macpès Research Forest and snow buntings at both Arctic sites provides the opportunity to (3) determine how metabolic performance and responses to thermal constraints relate to the reproductive component of fitness. This will be done in chickadees by comparing winter metabolic performance to reproductive success and by studying body temperature and provisioning rates of breeding buntings in relation with microhabitat temperatures and use of thermal refugia. Working at Alert with long distance migrant red knots (Canutus islandica) and ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres), we will also (4) investigate how conflicting demands can shape recovery from, and preparation for migration in these birds. This program will provide an integrated comprehension of the interplay between ecological and physiological constraints that shape adaptive phenotypic flexibility in birds. The impact of this program will be major because each project is designed to fill knowledge gaps that are critical to predict how animals cope with environmental changes. Trainees will acquire the skills and perspectives needed to tackle today's environmental issues, through fundamental research and/or applied work in conservation physiology. These scientists, able to work with actors from a variety of disciplines, will help understand how organisms adjust to rapid environmental alterations and climate change, a matter of increasing importance for Canada.

该计划的长期目标是确定限制鸟类面临高能量需求的表型灵活性的机制，并确定这些限制对适应性的影响。在接下来的5年里，我们将研究在生活史阶段之间的转变和环境条件变化期间发生的表型错配所造成的权衡。我们将(1)研究在温度快速变化后，禽类耐寒能力调整缓慢的机制。这项研究将在UQAR禽类设施中进行，通过跟踪黑帽山雀(Poecile Atricapillus)在温度突然下降或上升后的个体生理调节来进行。我们还将(2)检验极端表型的有限灵活性的生理后果。这将在实验条件下通过比较暖驯化和冷驯化的松树(Pinus Spinus)在温度调节需求增加时的生理反应以及横跨加拿大北极(East Bay 62°N，Alert 82°N)的生理反应来完成，在那里，寒冷的专门雪球(Plectrohenax Nivalis)遇到的温度超过它们的热耐受极限。在MACPèS研究中心与山雀一起工作，在两个北极地点的森林和雪球提供了机会，以(3)确定新陈代谢表现和对热限制的反应如何与健康的生殖部分相关。这将在山雀身上完成，方法是将冬季的代谢表现与繁殖成功进行比较，并研究体温和繁殖短毛的补给率与小生境温度和热避难所的使用之间的关系。在Alert与长距离迁徙的红结(Canutus Island Andica)和红转石(Arenaria Interpretation)一起工作，我们还将(4)调查相互冲突的需求如何影响这些鸟类的恢复和迁徙准备。这个项目将提供对生态和生理限制之间相互作用的综合理解，这些限制塑造了鸟类的适应性表型灵活性。这一计划的影响将是重大的，因为每个项目都是为了填补知识空白，这些知识空白对于预测动物如何应对环境变化至关重要。学员将通过保护生理学的基础研究和/或应用工作，获得解决当今环境问题所需的技能和观点。这些科学家能够与来自不同学科的参与者合作，将有助于了解生物体如何适应快速的环境变化和气候变化，这对加拿大来说越来越重要。