Avian phenotypic transitions; acting constraints, mechanisms and consequences

禽类表型转变；

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05628
• 负责人: Vézina, François
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740691
• 关键词: Avian; phenotypic; transitions; acting; constraints

The long-term objectives of this program are to identify the mechanisms that limit phenotypic flexibility in birds facing high energy demands and to determine the consequences of these limits on fitness. Over the next 5 years, we will study the trade-offs resulting from phenotypic mismatches occurring during transitions between life-history stages, and during changes in environmental conditions. We will (1) examine the mechanisms underlying slow adjustments in avian cold endurance following rapid changes in temperature. This will be conducted at the UQAR Avian Facility by tracking individual physiological adjustments in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) after a sudden drop or increase in temperature. We will also (2) examine physiological consequences of limited flexibility in extreme phenotypes. This will be done under experimental conditions by comparing the physiological responses of warm and cold acclimated pine siskins (Pinus Spinus) exposed to increased thermoregulatory demands and also across the Canadian Arctic (East Bay 62°N, Alert 82°N), where cold specialized snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) encounter temperatures rising above their heat tolerance limit. Working with chickadees at the Macpès Research Forest and snow buntings at both Arctic sites provides the opportunity to (3) determine how metabolic performance and responses to thermal constraints relate to the reproductive component of fitness. This will be done in chickadees by comparing winter metabolic performance to reproductive success and by studying body temperature and provisioning rates of breeding buntings in relation with microhabitat temperatures and use of thermal refugia. Working at Alert with long distance migrant red knots (Canutus islandica) and ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres), we will also (4) investigate how conflicting demands can shape recovery from, and preparation for migration in these birds. This program will provide an integrated comprehension of the interplay between ecological and physiological constraints that shape adaptive phenotypic flexibility in birds. The impact of this program will be major because each project is designed to fill knowledge gaps that are critical to predict how animals cope with environmental changes. Trainees will acquire the skills and perspectives needed to tackle today's environmental issues, through fundamental research and/or applied work in conservation physiology. These scientists, able to work with actors from a variety of disciplines, will help understand how organisms adjust to rapid environmental alterations and climate change, a matter of increasing importance for Canada.

该计划的长期目标是确定限制鸟类面临高能量需求的表型灵活性的机制，并确定这些限制对适应性的影响。在接下来的5年里，我们将研究在生活史阶段之间的过渡期间以及环境条件变化期间发生的表型不匹配所导致的权衡。我们将（1）研究温度快速变化后鸟类耐寒力缓慢调整的机制。这将在UQAR鸟类设施中进行，方法是跟踪温度突然下降或升高后黑顶山雀（Poecile atricapillus）的个体生理调整。我们还将（2）研究极端表型中有限灵活性的生理后果。这将在实验条件下进行，通过比较暴露于增加的温度调节需求的温暖和寒冷驯化的松树（Pinus Spinus）的生理反应，以及整个加拿大北极地区（东湾62°N，Alert 82°N），其中寒冷的专门雪颊（Plectrophenax nivalis）遇到的温度超过其耐热极限。与Macpès研究森林的山雀和北极两个地点的雪彩旗一起工作，提供了一个机会：（3）确定代谢性能和对热约束的反应如何与健身的生殖组成部分相关。这将在山雀通过比较冬季代谢性能的繁殖成功，并通过研究体温和供应率的繁殖与微生境温度和热避难所的使用。在阿勒特与长距离迁徙的红结（Canutus islandica）和红色的翻石（Arenaria interpres）一起工作，我们还将（4）调查相互冲突的需求如何影响这些鸟类的恢复和迁徙准备。该计划将提供一个生态和生理约束之间的相互作用，形状适应性表型的灵活性在鸟类的综合理解。该项目的影响将是重大的，因为每个项目都旨在填补知识空白，这对于预测动物如何科普环境变化至关重要。学员将通过保护生理学的基础研究和/或应用工作获得解决当今环境问题所需的技能和观点。这些科学家能够与来自不同学科的行为者合作，将有助于了解生物如何适应快速的环境变化和气候变化，这对加拿大来说越来越重要。