GEM: Study of Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

多机构美国全球变化研究项目（我们不断变化的星球，地球科学委员会，1991年）的一个组成部分是理解和模拟地球空间环境。作为对美国全球变化研究计划的一部分，美国国家科学基金会大气科学部建立了一项新的研究计划——地球空间环境建模（GEM），其目标是支持对地球空间动力学和结构特性的基础研究。从而构建具有预测能力的全球地球空间模型。第一个GEM活动的主题是磁层边界、磁层边界之外的磁鞘，以及从磁层边界到电离层的连接。这笔拨款用于支持通过ISEE 1和2航天器获得的磁场和等离子体的原位观测以及IGS磁强计链的地面数据来检查磁层顶的能量和动量流。

An integral component of the multi-agency U.S. Global Change Research Program (Our Changing Planet," Committee on Earth Sciences, 1991) is understanding and modeling the geospace environment. As part of its contribution to the U.S. Global Change Research Program, the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric Sciences has established a new research initiative, Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM), with the goal of supporting basic research into the dynamical and structural properties of geospace, leading to the construction of a global geospace model with predictive capability. The subjects of the first GEM campaign are the magnetospheric boundary, the magnetosheath beyond it, and the connection from the boundary through the magnetosphere to the ionosphere. This grant is for support to examine energy and momentum flow across the magnetopause using in-situ observations of magnetic fields and plasmas obtained by ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft and ground based data from the IGS magnetometer chain.