Feasibility study for sustainable, affordable solar PV/T-biomethane energy solution for rural Pakistan

巴基斯坦农村可持续、负担得起的太阳能光伏/T-生物甲烷能源解决方案的可行性研究

• 批准号: 10042192
• 金额: $ 28.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Feasibility Studies
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=10042192
• 关键词: Feasibility; study; sustainable; affordable; solar

Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world with a population of 216.5M and annual growth rate of 2%. It is an agrarian country with two thirds of its population living in rural areas. Despite its abundant renewable energy sources, Pakistan is facing severe energy crises where it imports a third of its energy requirements and is still using conventional methods of energy generation that produce significant CO2 emissions.Majority of the rural population in Pakistan meet their cooking and heating needs by burning biomass like animal dung, wood fuel and charcoal in traditional cook stoves which are inefficient and causes household indoor air pollution (HAP). About 28,000 people die each year due to HAP, and it accounts for 40 million cases of acute respiratory illnesses per annum causing significant economic burden which costs about 1% of GDP per annum. Also, Pakistan is facing severe deforestation problem and currently forests cover only 2.5% of the land area as every year 27000 hectare is lost due to deforestation leading to increased CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere.There are huge amounts of waste in Pakistan including 20MT/yr solid waste of which almost half is biomass like (food waste, paper leaves, grass and fodders), 70MT/year of agriwaste like wheat and rice husks, cotton sticks and sugar-cane residues, and 365MT/Yr of animal waste coming from more than 170M heads of cows, buffalos, cattle, sheep, camels and goats. Exploiting this agricultural and animal waste, this project aims to investigate the feasibility of a novel Waste to Energy system to produce biogas which will be further upgraded and separated into biomethane and carbon dioxide. The biogas (before upgrading) will be piped to households close to the anaerobic digestion plant and investigated for cooking and the effects of using it on the indoor air quality will be assessed compared to using wood for cooking. Then the upgraded biogas to biomethane will be used for cooking and heating while CO2 will be used for wide range of industrial applications. Also, the proposed system will produce nitrogen enriched bio-fertilisers that can be used for soil enhancement, increased land fertility and food production.The widespread of the proposed technology will have major impacts on Pakistan population where clean, affordable and secure source of energy can be generated using locally available waste. Based on the waste produced from the 70M heads of cows and Buffalos only, over 57488Mm³/yr of biogas and 30MT/yr of nitrogen enriched bio-fertilisers can be produced. This will significantly reduce Pakistan fuel imports, enhance the living standards of the rural communities particularly women, girls and disadvantaged groups, reduce CO2 emissions and improve the environment.

巴基斯坦是世界第六人口大国，人口达2.165亿，年增长率为2%。它是一个农业国家，三分之二的人口生活在农村地区。尽管巴基斯坦拥有丰富的可再生能源，但它仍面临着严重的能源危机，其三分之一的能源需求依赖进口，并且仍在使用产生大量二氧化碳排放的传统能源生产方法。巴基斯坦大多数农村人口通过在传统炉灶中燃烧动物粪便、木材燃料和木炭等生物质来满足烹饪和取暖需求，这些炉灶效率低下，并导致家庭室内空气污染（HAP）。每年约有 28,000 人死于 HAP，每年造成 4000 万例急性呼吸道疾病，造成重大经济负担，约占每年 GDP 的 1%。此外，巴基斯坦还面临严重的森林砍伐问题，目前森林覆盖率仅占土地面积的2.5%，每年因森林砍伐而损失27000公顷，导致大气中二氧化碳积累增加。巴基斯坦有大量废物，包括每年20吨固体废物，其中近一半是生物质，如食物垃圾、纸叶、草和饲料），每年70吨小麦等农业废物 稻壳、棉棒和甘蔗残渣，以及来自超过 1.7 亿头奶牛、水牛、牛、绵羊、骆驼和山羊的 365 吨/年动物粪便。该项目旨在利用这种农业和动物废物，研究新型废物能源系统的可行性，以生产沼气，并将其进一步升级并分离为生物甲烷和二氧化碳。沼气（升级前）将通过管道输送到厌氧消化厂附近的家庭，并进行烹饪研究，并与使用木材烹饪相比，评估使用沼气对室内空气质量的影响。然后，升级为生物甲烷的沼气将用于烹饪和取暖，而二氧化碳将用于广泛的工业应用。此外，拟议的系统将生产富氮生物肥料，可用于土壤改良、增加土地肥力和粮食生产。拟议技术的广泛应用将对巴基斯坦人口产生重大影响，巴基斯坦可以利用当地废物产生清洁、负担得起和安全的能源。仅根据 7000 万头奶牛和水牛产生的废物，每年可生产超过 57488Mm3 的沼气和 30MT/年的富氮生物肥料。这将大大减少巴基斯坦的燃料进口，提高农村社区特别是妇女、女孩和弱势群体的生活水平，减少二氧化碳排放并改善环境。