The Polities of Natural History

近年来，学者们开始探讨关于 性别塑造了优先事项、方法和主题， 科学 虽然科学史学家已经研究了 性别对科学的影响，仍然有很大的领域需要 如果我们要了解这些疾病的普遍性， 影响。 Schiebinger博士正在研究性别对 可以被称为生物科学的骨架--也就是说， 它的分类系统。 对物种的研究， 它们之间的关系及其演变取决于 并反映在分类系统中。 Schiebinger博士是 研究性别如何影响自然的形成阶段 历史分类 她认为性别的概念 是18世纪世纪自然观革命的核心。 这 跨学科历史研究分为三个部分， 分别处理植物、动物和矿物王国。 探讨的主题包括：社会和政治 围绕植物性别化的环境（一个关键事件 在世纪植物分类学的革命中）;这个问题 为什么（考虑到替代品）哺乳动物被称为哺乳动物- - 一个在1750年代取代了四足动物一词的术语， 自亚里士多德以来一直使用;对第一个科学的分析 灵长类动物的表征;以及一项试图将 人类按种族和性别，一个话题，直到最近的兴趣， 科学史家 这些发展正在考虑中， 发展的更广泛的社会趋势的背景下， 科学

In recent years, scholars have begun to explore how notions about gender have shaped the priorities, methods, and subject matter of science. While historians of science have studied many aspects of gender influences on science, there remains large areas that need to be explored if we are to understand the pervasiveness of these influences. Dr. Schiebinger is examining gender influences on what might be called the very skeleton of biological sciences--that is, its classification system. The studies of species, their relationships to each other and their evolution are dependent upon and reflected in the classification system. Dr. Schiebinger is examining how gender influenced the formative stages of natural historical classification. She argues that notions of gender lay at the heart of 18th century revolutions in views of nature. This interdisciplinary and historical study divides into three parts, dealing separately with the vegetable, animal and mineral kingdoms. Topics to be explored include: the social and political circumstances surrounding the sexualization of plants (a key event in the revolution in 18th century botanical taxonomy); the question of why (considering the alternatives) mammals are called mammals- -a term which in the 1750's supplanted the term quadruped that had been used since Aristotle; an analysis of the first scientific representations of primates; and a study of attempts to classify humans by race and by sex, a topic only recently of interest to historians of science. These developments are being considered in a context of broader social trends affecting the development of science.