Autumn Ecology of the Pack Ice Biota

季节性漂浮的浮冰覆盖了南大洋的大片区域。浮冰中的生物群在浮冰中随处可见，这归因于在脆弱的冰层形成过程中从水中收获和集中了生物。碎屑冰的频繁形成和生物在新形成冰中的集中是厚冰和陆冰生境的根本区别之一。在秋季到冬季期间，过渡性的光照水平和大气温度下降，形成了相当数量的季节性海冰。在这个季节进入浮冰的生物将受到低温、高盐度和低光照的影响。该项目将研究生物融入冰层的过程，以确定是否发生了选择，生物是否存活，以及一些生物是否形成休眠阶段，以确保越冬生存。这是一项关于积冰系统的国际多学科研究的一部分。该项目将是合作的关键部分，重点是秋季结冰季节的生物、物理和化学过程。

Seasonal drifting pack ice covers vast regions of the Southern Ocean. The biota in pack ice are found throughout the ice floes, and this has been attributed to the harvesting and concentration of organisms from the water during frazil ice formation. The frequent formation of frazil ice and the concentration of organisms in newly-forming ice is one of the fundamental differences between the pack ice and the land fast ice habitats. During the autumn to winter transitional light levels and atmospheric temperatures decrease and a considerable amount of seasonal sea ice forms. Organisms incorporated into ice floes during this season will be subjected to low temperature, high in situ salinities and low light. This project will examine the process of the incorporation of organisms into ice to determine if selection occurs, if organisms survive and if some organisms form resting stages as a means for insuring overwinter survival. This is part of an international, multidisciplinary study of the pack ice system. This project will be a key part of the collaboration, which focuses on biological, physical and chemical processes during the autumn ice-forming season.