Ecological Studies of Sea Ice Communities in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

南极洲罗斯海海冰群落的生态研究

• 批准号: 9614201
• 负责人: Marcia Gowing
• 金额: $ 41.8万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9614201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; Studies; Sea; Ice; Communities

9614201 Costa Sea ice forms an extensive habitat in the Southern Ocean. Reports dating from the earliest explorations of Antarctica have described high concentrations of algae associated with sea-ice, suggesting that the ice must be an important site of production and biological activity. The magnitude and importance of ice-based production is difficult to estimate largely because the spatial and temporal distributions of ice communities have been examined in only a few regions, and the processes controlling production and community development in ice are still superficially understood. This study will examine sea ice communities in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica in conjunction with a studies of ice physics and remote sensing. The specific objectives of the study are: 1) to relate the overall distribution of ice communities in the Ross Sea to specific habitats that are formed as the result of ice formation and growth processes; 2) to study the initial formation of sea ice to document the incorporation and survival of organisms, in particular to examine winter populations within "snow-ice" layers to determine if there is a seed population established at the time of surface flooding; 3) to sample summer communities to determine the extent that highly productive "snow-ice" and "freeboard" communities develop in the deep water regions of the Ross Sea; 4) and to collect basic data on the biota, activity, and general physical and chemical characteristics of the ice assemblages, so that this study contributes to the general understanding of the ecology of the ice biota in pack ice regions.

9614201哥斯达黎加海冰在南大洋形成了广阔的栖息地。最早的南极探险报告描述了与海冰相关的高浓度藻类，这表明冰层一定是生产和生物活动的重要场所。冰基生产的规模和重要性很难估计，很大程度上是因为仅在少数地区研究了冰群落的时空分布，并且对冰中生产和群落发展的控制过程仍然知之甚少。这项研究将结合冰物理和遥感研究，检查南极洲罗斯海地区的海冰群落。该研究的具体目标是：1)将罗斯海冰群落的总体分布与冰形成和生长过程形成的特定栖息地联系起来；2)研究海冰的初始形成，以记录生物的结合和生存，特别是检查“冰雪”层内的冬季种群，以确定在地表洪水发生时是否存在种子种群；3)对夏季群落进行采样，以确定罗斯海深水区高产的“雪冰”群落和“干舷”群落的发展程度；4)收集冰组合的生物群、活动和一般物理化学特征的基础数据，为全面认识冰区冰生物群的生态学提供依据。