Optimal Distinctiveness and Social Identity

最佳独特性和社会认同

• 批准号: 9120757
• 负责人: Marilynn Brewer
• 金额: $ 12.49万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9120757&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Optimal; Distinctiveness; Social; Identity

ABSTRACT Optimal distinctiveness theory provides a perspective on the role of social group membership in establishing and maintaining individual self identity. As an amalgamation of self - categorization theory, the optimal distinctiveness model assumes that social identities are selected or adopted by individuals in order to satify opposing social needs for differentiation and assimilation. Group identification will be satisfying to the extent that it provides simultaneously for a sense of distinctiveness and for inclusion in a social collective. Thus, the theory implies that individuals will seek membership in groups that are relatively exclusive rather than inclusive, and will react negatively to threats to ingroup distinctiveness. Prior research on optimal distinctiveness theory has established that depersonalization (categorization in overly inclusive groups) enhances identification with more distinctive groups, independent of the status associated with group membership. The current research, a series of laboratory and field experiments, will test further implications of optimal distinctiveness theory, including (1) group identification in response to excessive personalization (individual uniqueness), (2) effects of social identification on response to intragroup versus intergroup social comparison, (3) effects of group distinctiveness on perceived differentiation among group members, and (4) effects of threat to group distinctiveness on self-presentation and commitment to ingroups.

摘要 最佳独特性理论提供了一个视角， 在建立和维持社会团体成员资格方面 个人自我认同 作为一种自我融合- 范畴化理论，最优区分模型 假设社会身份是由 个人为了满足对立的社会需求， 分化和同化。 组识别将是 同时满足以下条件： 独特感和融入社会集体的感觉。 因此，该理论意味着，个人将寻求成员资格， 在相对排外而非包容的群体中， 并且会对群体内独特性的威胁做出消极反应。 最佳独特性理论的先前研究已经建立 人格解体（过度包容的群体分类） 增强与更有特色的群体的认同感， 与组成员身份相关的状态。 当前 研究，一系列的实验室和现场实验，将测试 最佳独特性理论的进一步影响，包括 (1)对过度个性化的群体认同 （2）社会认同对个体的影响 对组内与组间社会比较的反应，（3） 群体独特性对个体感知差异的影响 集团成员;（4）对集团独特性的威胁的影响 自我展示和对群体的承诺