History of Covariance Principles

协方差原理的历史

• 批准号: 9121326
• 负责人: John Norton
• 金额: $ 4.06万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-09-01 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9121326&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: History; Covariance; Principles

For Einstein, principles of covariance were the essence of his special and general theories of relativity (1905 and 1915). They embodied the advances made by the theories. The transition from an aether theory with an absolute state of rest to special relativity was effected through the requirement that the laws of special relativity must be covariant under Lorentz transformation. Since the Lorentz covariance of special relativity mapped inertial frames of reference onto inertial frames of reference, the Lorentz covariance of special relativity, as presented in Einstein's celebrated 1905 paper, was sufficient to guarantee that the theory satisfied the principle of relativity of inertial motion. Dr. Norton is examining the history and development of principles of covariance in relativity theory and their connection with relativity principles, Mach's principle and the principle of equivalence. He is considering how the ideas in this whole area have developed since Einstein's time and is tracing how the now standard modern view has come to disagree almost completely with Einstein's own view--the view universally celebrated 70 years ago. This study promises to present historians, philosophers and physicists with a synoptic view of the tangled and confusing developments of one of the most important problems in foundations space and time theory.

对爱因斯坦来说，协变性原理是他的 狭义和广义相对论（1905年和1915年）。 他们 体现了理论的进步。 从一个 从绝对静止态到狭义相对论的以太理论 是通过特别法的要求来实现的， 相对论在洛伦兹变换下一定是协变的。 以来 狭义相对论映射惯性系洛伦兹协变性 惯性参考系上的洛伦兹 狭义相对论的协方差，如爱因斯坦的 1905年的论文足以证明， 满足惯性运动的相对性原理。 博士 诺顿正在研究的历史和发展的原则， 相对论中的协方差及其与 相对性原理、马赫原理和 等价性 他正在考虑如何在这整个领域的想法 从爱因斯坦时代就开始发展， 标准现代观点几乎完全不同意 爱因斯坦自己的观点--70年前被普遍庆祝的观点。 这项研究承诺目前的历史学家，哲学家和 物理学家们对错综复杂的 地基中最重要的问题之一 空间与时间理论