Influence of Pack Ice on the Distribution and Demography of Pygoscelis Penguins

每年浮冰的进退可能是主要的 结构的空间和时间变化的决定因素， 南极企鹅种群的功能和分布。 从1973年开始的卫星记录显示， 冰川以6-8年为一个周期达到最大面积。 这些 浮冰范围的年际循环可能具有显著的 对海洋食物网各级的影响，从而影响 企鹅的繁殖成功率、存活率和补充率 这些模式是调节企鹅数量的因素。 该项目继续对人口进行比较研究， 阿德利企鹅、巴布亚企鹅和帽带企鹅的生物学（Pygoscelis adeliae、P.巴布亚和P. anapartica）的细胞中 湾，国王乔治岛，南设得兰群岛，南极洲。 的 尾虾是磷虾的主要捕食者 superba）在南极半岛地区，是主要的 在这一地区用作渔业活动监测员的物种。 到 深入了解南极的结构和功能 海洋生态系统，必须确定 环境变化对钥匙结构和调节的影响 营养级捕食者，如Pygoscelis企鹅 这 研究将提供这些信息。

The annual advance and retreat of pack ice may be the major determinant of spatial and temporal changes in the structure, function, and distribution of Antarctic penguin populations. Satellite records, from 1973 onwards, indicate that winter pack ice reaches its maximum extent on 6-8 year cycles. These interannual cycles in pack ice extent may have significant impacts on all levels of the marine food web, thereby affecting the penguins' reproductive success, survival, and recruitment patterns which are factors regulating penguin populations. This project continues a comparative study of the population biology of Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae, P. papua, and P. antarctica, respectively) at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Pygoscelis species are the major predators of Krill (Euphausia superba) in the Antarctic Peninsula region and are the primary species used as monitors of fishery activities in this area. To thoroughly understand the structure and function of the Antarctic marine ecosystem, it is imperative to determine the impact of environmental variation on the structure and regulation of key trophic level predators such as the Pygoscelis penguins. This research will contribute such information.