Predator-Prey Interactions in the Krill-centric Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem

以磷虾为中心的南大洋海洋生态系统中的捕食者与被捕食者的相互作用

• 批准号: 0839129
• 负责人: Wayne Trivelpiece
• 金额: $ 16.03万
• 依托单位: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Interagency Agreement
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0839129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Predator; Prey; Interactions; Krill; centric

Variability in ecosystems is hypothesized to be a major constraint in the evolution of life history tactics of organisms. Marine polar ecosystems exhibit pronounced seasonal and interannual variability; these fluctuations are known to affect all levels of the trophic web, especially top predators. Few long-term studies recording reproduction and survival of individually marked animals exist, however, and studies that monitor several species simultaneously are even rarer. The proposed research will examine how reproductive, foraging and demography parameters of Pygoscelis penguins are affected by environmental variability. Adélie, chinstrap, and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae, P. antarctica and P. papua) have been studied at Admiralty Bay, in the Antarctic Peninsula region, since 1976. These three species exhibited different population trends over the last 3 decades: Adélie and chinstrap penguin populations declined by over 70% in numbers while gentoo penguin populations remained stable. This study will continue to collect long-term life history data on these penguin species and will expand recent work on the distribution and trophic interactions among the three species during the critical winter period. A combination of multivariate statistical techniques and population dynamics models will be used to evaluate hypotheses relating environmental variation to changes in breeding biology and foraging ecology and to examine how variations in these parameters affect populations. Further, this research will assist in the validation of models for fisheries management that are ecosystem based, incorporating predator data with krill and climate data, and that take into account long-term temporal variability in these parameters. As members of a working group to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) the PIs for this project have direct scientific input regarding recommendations on fisheries policy in the Southern Ocean. This research will be used to parameterize and test models that will be used in management decisions regarding the krill fishery around the Antarctic Peninsula. The study will also provide professional training to young researchers and will support a PhD candidate at Scripps Institute of Oceanography.

生态系统的可变性被认为是生物体生活史策略进化的主要制约因素。海洋极地生态系统表现出明显的季节和年际变化；众所周知，这些波动影响到营养网的所有级别，特别是顶级捕食者。然而，记录单独标记的动物繁殖和存活的长期研究很少，同时监测几个物种的研究就更少了。这项拟议的研究将考察企鹅的繁殖、觅食和人口学参数如何受到环境变异性的影响。自1976年以来，人们在南极半岛地区的金钟湾对阿德利企鹅、金丝雀企鹅和正图企鹅进行了研究。在过去的30年里，这三个物种呈现出不同的种群趋势：阿德利企鹅和金丝雀企鹅的数量下降了70%以上，而Genoo企鹅的数量保持稳定。这项研究将继续收集这些企鹅物种的长期生活史数据，并将扩大最近关于关键冬季期间这三个物种之间的分布和营养相互作用的工作。多变量统计技术和种群动力学模型的组合将被用来评估将环境变化与繁殖生物学和觅食生态的变化联系起来的假设，并检查这些参数的变化如何影响种群。此外，这项研究将有助于验证以生态系统为基础的渔业管理模型，将捕食者数据与磷虾和气候数据结合起来，并考虑到这些参数的长期时间变异性。作为南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(南极海洋生物资源保护委员会)一个工作组的成员，该项目的私人投资机构对关于南大洋渔业政策的建议有直接的科学投入。这项研究将用于对模型进行参数化和测试，这些模型将用于南极半岛周围磷虾渔业的管理决策。这项研究还将为年轻研究人员提供专业培训，并将支持斯克里普斯海洋研究所的一名博士生。