Land Rents, Productivity, and the Search for the Agricultural Revolution

地租、生产力和对农业革命的探索

• 批准号: 9122191
• 负责人: Gregory Clark
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1995-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9122191&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Land; Rents; Productivity; Search; Agricultural

The standard story of the emergence of the modern industrial world is that in Britain between 1770 and 1850 there were two revolutions: the first and better known, the Industrial Revolution; and the second, the Agricultural Revolution. There remains, however, an unresolved dispute about the nature of the Agricultural Revolution and its relationship to the Industrial Revolution. Agriculture from 1700 to 1850 experienced important organizational changes with the elimination of almost all common field villages and the decline of self-contained peasant farms in favor of large "capitalist" farms which employed most of the rural populations as wage laborers. Two interpretations -mainstream and Marxist- share the perspective that the reorganization of agriculture from small, peasant open field farms to large-scale, enclosed, capitalist farms was the major source of productivity advance in Britain, and the reason why British agricultural productivity far exceeded the rest of Europe. Where the views differ is over the mechanism by which this reorganization increased productivity and the effects it had on the peasantry. This research will help to settle this long lasting dispute, and it will also provide useful insights into the process of economic growth and development. Specifically, the purpose of this project is to collect and analyze a large new set of data for English agriculture for the period 1600 to 1850 which will contain observations on the market rental value of agricultural land, the rate of return on capital, and rural wages. At least 21,000 observations on market land rents will be collected for the period 1600 to 1837. With this date set it will be possible to shed light on several important questions about the Agricultural Revolution in England such as: When did occur? How important was it to the Industrial Revolution? How important were property rights changes during that period? What was the mechanism by which yields and labor productivity increased? How important was the expulsion of surplus labor from agriculture in creating the Industrial Revolution?

现代工业世界出现的标准故事 在1770年到1850年间的英国 革命：第一次也是最著名的一次，工业革命; 第二个是农业革命。 剩下的， 然而，一个悬而未决的争议的性质，农业 革命及其与工业革命的关系。 从1700年到1850年，农业经历了重要的组织变革。 随着几乎所有的公共领域村庄的消失而变化 以及自给自足的农场的衰落， “资本主义”农场雇佣了大部分农村人口， 工资劳动者 两种解释-主流和马克思主义-共享 从农业重组的角度来看， 农民的开放式农场到大规模的、封闭式的资本主义农场 是英国生产力进步的主要来源， 英国农业生产力远远超过其他国家的原因 欧洲。 意见分歧的地方在于， 这种重组提高了生产力， 在农民身上。 这项研究将有助于解决这一长期 这是一场持久的争论，它也将提供有益的见解， 经济增长和发展的过程。 具体来说，本项目的目的是收集和分析 1600年英国农业的一组新的大数据 至1850年，其中将包含对市场租金价值的观察 农业土地的使用率、资本回报率和农村 工资 将至少收集21，000份关于市场土地租金的观察结果， 收集于1600年至1837年。 随着这一日期的确定， 有可能阐明几个重要的问题， 英国农业革命如：什么时候发生的？ 如何 它对工业革命重要吗？ 我们在一起有多重要 在此期间，产权的变化？ 其机制是什么 产量和劳动生产率提高了多少？ 多重要 是将剩余劳动力从农业中驱逐出去， 工业革命？