The Establishment of Ethology as a Scientific Discipline, 1945-1965

行为学是对行为的生物学研究，在第二次世界大战后的头二十年成为一门重要的新科学学科，它建立在康拉德·洛伦兹和尼克·丁伯根在20世纪30年代建立的概念和方法基础之上。战后，行为学研究吸引了越来越多的研究人员，建立了动物行为学学科的主要制度结构，两年一次的国际大会为动物行为学学界提供了定义和指导，动物行为学的早期概念基础经历了阐述和改变。伯克哈德博士的目标是描述和分析动物行为学从1945年到1965年的发展。采用比较和“生态学”的方法，他正在探索动物行为学的指导问题、概念和实践是如何演变的，因为这门学科的最初创始人和新一代研究者在德国、荷兰、英国、并通过与其他学科的研究人员接触来应对挑战和机遇。这项研究建立在伯克哈德博士在第二次世界大战前对动物行为研究的早期研究基础上。这项研究的目的是在本世纪首次对动物行为学的历史进行系统的研究。

Ethology, the biological study of behavior, emerged as a major new scientific discipline in the first two decades after World War II, building upon conceptual and methodological foundations established by Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen in the 1930s. In the post-war period, increasing numbers of researchers were drawn to the study of behavior, the primary institutional structures of the discipline of ethology were created, biennial international congresses served to define and guide the ethological community, and ethology's early conceptual foundations underwent elaboration and alteration. Dr. Burkhardt's goal is to describe and analyze ethology's development from 1945 to 1965. Taking a comparative and "ecological" approach, he is exploring how the guiding issues, concepts, and practices of ethology evolved as the original founders of the discipline and a new generation of investigators established research centers in Germany, Holland, Great Britain, and the United States and responded to the challenges and opportunities provided by contact with investigators from other disciplines. This study builds on Dr. Burkhardt's earlier research on animal behavior studies before World War II. This research is aimed at presenting the first systematic treatment of the history of ethology in this century.