The Establishment of Ethology as a Scientific Discipline, 1945-1965

行为学是对行为的生物学研究，在20世纪30年代康拉德·洛伦茨和尼科·丁伯根建立的概念和方法论基础上，在二战后的头20年成为一门重要的新科学学科。在战后时期，越来越多的研究人员被吸引到行为研究，行为学学科的基本制度结构被创造出来，两年一次的国际会议起到了定义和指导行为学社区的作用，行为学早期的概念基础得到了阐述和改变。伯克哈特博士的目标是描述和分析行为学从1945年到1965年的发展。他采用比较和“生态”的方法，探索行为学的指导问题、概念和实践是如何演变的，因为该学科的最初创始人和新一代研究人员在德国、荷兰、英国、并对与其他学科的调查人员接触所带来的挑战和机遇作出了回应。这项研究建立在伯克哈特博士在二战前对动物行为研究的早期研究的基础上。这项研究的目的是展示本世纪对行为学历史的第一次系统研究。

Ethology, the biological study of behavior, emerged as a major new scientific discipline in the first two decades after World War II, building upon conceptual and methodological foundations established by Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen in the 1930s. In the post-war period, increasing numbers of researchers were drawn to the study of behavior, the primary institutional structures of the discipline of ethology were created, biennial international congresses served to define and guide the ethological community, and ethology's early conceptual foundations underwent elaboration and alteration. Dr. Burkhardt's goal is to describe and analyze ethology's development from 1945 to 1965. Taking a comparative and "ecological" approach, he is exploring how the guiding issues, concepts, and practices of ethology evolved as the original founders of the discipline and a new generation of investigators established research centers in Germany, Holland, Great Britain, and the United States and responded to the challenges and opportunities provided by contact with investigators from other disciplines. This study builds on Dr. Burkhardt's earlier research on animal behavior studies before World War II. This research is aimed at presenting the first systematic treatment of the history of ethology in this century.