Constructing the Zoo: Science, Society, and Animal Life at the Paris Menagerie, 1793-1838

建造动物园：巴黎动物园的科学、社会和动物生活，1793-1838 年

• 批准号: 0441935
• 负责人: Richard Burkhardt
• 金额: $ 3.81万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0441935&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Constructing; Zoo; Science; Society; Animal

PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this project is to complete the archival research for a book on the purposes and practices of the first public zoo, the menagerie of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Founded at the height of the French Revolution, and situated at the world's premier institution for natural history, the menagerie was conceived as having great scientific potential as well as significant social, political, and moralpotential. The project focuses on the first half-century of the menagerie's existence. The study will examine several topics: (1.) the different functions and interests that the menagerie was capable of serving; (2.)the circumstances under which these early expectations were realized, revised, or reformulated in the course of practice; (3.) the animals of the menagerie and the scientific and popular construction of animal life; (4.) the problematic role that living animals played in the life of the museum; (5.) the studies of animal behavior conducted at the menagerie by Frederic Cuvier, warden of the menagerie; (6.) the multiple actors involved in the menagerie's operations. The research will be conducted primarily in Paris at the French National Archives. The PI will complete examination of an extensive collection of manuscripts that historians of science have not exploited previously: the official reports and other documents from the weekly meetings of the professors of the Museum d'HistoireNaturelle. These materials permit a detailed reconstruction of the life of the menagerie, within the broader context of the operations of the museum .The intellectual importance of this research for the history of science is suggested by the topics to be studied and the methodologiesto be used. It is of direct importance for understanding zoology in France in the age of Cuvier, Lamarck, and Geoffroy St. Hilaire, when French zoology was second to none. It will be an important contribution to recent historical on the scientific andsocial history of zoos, both because of the role of the Paris menagerie as a model for the great wave of zoo construction that occurred in the 19th century and because of the detail in which the Paris Museum's archives allow one to examine this nineteenth century zoo. In terms of broader impacts the work bears on the dual questions of the evolving purposes of zoos and the scientific and popular understanding of animal nature. Controversies over both ofthese topics in recent years need to be situated in the broader perspective that historical study can afford. By understanding the aims, accomplishments, and also the shortcomings of a key institution like the menagerie of the Paris Museum, one can gain a deeper sense of the continuing promises and problems of zoos today, both as social institutions and as sites for scientific investigation, and how views of animal/human similarities, differences, and interrelations have changed over time.

项目摘要该项目的目标是完成一本关于第一个公共动物园（巴黎自然历史博物馆动物园）的目的和实践的书的档案研究。该动物园成立于法国大革命的高峰时期，位于世界自然史的首要机构，被认为具有巨大的科学潜力以及重要的社会，政治和道德潜力。该项目的重点是动物园存在的前半个世纪。本研究将探讨几个主题：（1）。动物园能够服务的不同功能和利益;（2）在实践过程中，这些早期的期望是在何种情况下实现、修正或重新表述的;（3）动物园的动物以及动物生命的科学和大众构建;（4.）活的动物在博物馆生活中扮演的问题角色;（5）动物园管理员弗雷德里克·居维叶在动物园进行的动物行为研究;（6）参与动物园运作的多个参与者这项研究将主要在巴黎的法国国家档案馆进行。PI将完成对科学历史学家以前没有利用过的大量手稿的审查：来自自然历史博物馆教授每周会议的官方报告和其他文件。这些材料允许在博物馆运作的更广泛背景下详细重建动物园的生活。这项研究对科学史的智力重要性是由研究的主题和使用的方法学提出的。它对于理解居维叶、拉马克和杰夫洛伊·圣伊莱尔时代的法国动物学具有直接的重要性，当时法国动物学是首屈一指的。这将是一个重要的贡献，以最近的历史上的科学和社会历史的动物园，既因为作用的巴黎动物园作为一个模型的伟大浪潮的动物园建设发生在19世纪，因为详细的巴黎博物馆的档案，让人们检查这个十九世纪动物园。 就更广泛的影响而言，这项工作涉及动物园不断发展的目的以及科学和大众对动物本性的理解这两个问题。近年来关于这两个主题的争论需要置于历史研究所能提供的更广阔的视角。通过了解像巴黎博物馆动物园这样的关键机构的目标、成就以及缺点，人们可以更深入地了解今天动物园的持续承诺和问题，无论是作为社会机构还是作为科学研究的场所，以及动物/人类相似性、差异性和相互关系的观点如何随着时间的推移而变化。