Latent Network Analysis of Central Processing

认知过程需要时间。 一个人类至少需要半个 第二，从数字中减去“1”，并在答案中键入， 减去“2”需要的时间明显更长。 之间的关系 不同任务的反应时间可以告诉我们 基本过程的组织方式。 这项研究将 进一步开发一种特殊的方法， 组织通过反应时间的基础上的数学 调度理论，一种关于如何最好地组织 用计划评审技术（PERT）执行一项任务所涉及的过程 评价和审查技术）网络。 理论的 调度是通常使用的，人们知道的方式， 在PERT网络中安排过程，以及每个过程 需要，一个人想确定需要多少时间来 在各种条件下完成整个任务。 认知 心理学家面临着相反的问题，知道需要多长时间， 在各种条件下执行任务，并希望 推断网络的结构并估计时间 每个过程都需要。 在这一点上，我们知道这在双重任务中是如何工作的， 呈现两个刺激，每个刺激需要单独的响应。 它 似乎是这样的情况下，一个以上的感知过程可能是 同时执行，因为可能不止一个运动相关 过程，但过程，如决定和记忆必须继续下去 一次一个。 因为后一个过程需要注意， 似乎使用了一个中央处理器，它只执行 一次一个。 一些实验将研究双 任务，重点是学习这些任务的顺序， 中心进程进行。 调度理论表明 有些顺序比其他顺序更优， 将研究受试者是否自发地使用最佳的 或者可以通过实践来学习。 利用最优 当然，秩序会减少反应时间。 节省十分之几 或者提高百分之几的准确度， 在日常工作中有很大的不同，但可能会使一个实质性的 未来的改进任务，如空中交通管制，其中 有可能优化信息的类型， 他们所接受的，也是他们所接受的。 其他的实验将研究心理的组织 当读取PASCAL计算机语言中的阅读语句时进行处理; 在调试程序时需要仔细阅读这些语句。 最雄心勃勃的实验将研究 参与短期记忆的回忆。 当项目列表， 例如，一个电话号码，立即召回，一些项目， 中间部分与其说是回忆，不如说是从中间部分重建的 保留在内存中的项目的降级片段。 由定时 受试者大声回忆，这是可能的研究过程 参与这样的重建。

Cognitive processes take time. It takes a human at least half a second to subtract "1" from a number and key in the answer, and subtracting "2" takes markedly longer. The relationships among reaction times taken by different tasks can tell us details about the way the underlying processes are organized. This research will develop further a particular method for discovering process organization through reaction times based on the mathematical theory of scheduling, a theory concerned with how best to organize the processes involved in carrying out a task using a PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) network. As the theory of scheduling is ordinarily used, one knows the way in which the processes are arranged in a PERT network and how long each one takes, and one wants to determine how much time will be required to carry out the entire task under various conditions. The cognitive psychologist faces the inverse problem, knowing how long it takes to carry out the task under various conditions, and wanting to infer the structure of the network and to estimate the time required for each process. At this point, we know how this works in dual tasks, tasks in which two stimuli are presented, each requiring a separate response. It seems to be the case that more than one perceptual process may be executed at the same time, as may more than one movement-related process, but processes such as deciding and remembering must go on one at a time. Because the latter processes demand attention, they appear to use a central processor which carries out only one of them at a time. Some of the experiments will investigate dual tasks, with an emphasis on learning about the order in which these central processes are carried out. Scheduling theory indicates that some orders are more optimal than others, and the experiments will investigate whether subjects spontaneously use the optimal order, or can learn to do so with practice. Using the optimal order would, of course, reduce reaction times. Saving a few tenths of a second or improving accuracy by a few percent would not make much difference in everyday tasks, but might make a substantial future improvement in tasks such as air traffic control, in which it may be possible to optimize the type of information people receive and the order in which they receive it. Other experiments will investigate the organization of mental processes when reading statements in the PASCAL computer language; such statements need to be carefully read when debugging programs. The most ambitious experiments will investigate the processing involved in recall from short-term memory. When a list of items, a phone number for example, is recalled immediately, a few items in the middle are not so much recalled as reconstructed from the degraded fragments of the items that remain in memory. By timing subjects as the recall aloud, it is possible to study the processes involved in such reconstruction.