Phylogenetic and Molecular Evolutionary Studies of Chloroplast DNA Variation in the Asteraceae

植物叶绿体DNA变异的研究进展 菊科在高等分类学上解决了许多系统学问题 程度. 然而，在解决部落冲突方面仍然存在重大问题， 关系和单系性。 一个 菊科植物叶绿体DNA变异的扩展研究 建议使用比较限制性位点作图10 酶和DNA测序的两个基因（rpoC2和ndhF）从 在所有目前公认的部落的代表物种， 家人 这些新数据将与以前的数据相结合。 叶绿体DNA研究，以解决系统发育和分子 进化问题 分子形态学的整合 数据将产生一个全面的遗传学和分类， 菊科植物 精细规模的限制性酶切位点和基因定位将 使第一次直接比较的系统发育效用， 限制性位点突变的编码区和非编码区 叶绿体基因组 同样，DNA序列的可用性 三个基因（rbcL，rpoC2，ndhF）将提供急需的 比较不同叶绿体基因对 被子植物的系统发育研究。 的统计分析 限制性位点和序列数据将用于检查 叶绿体基因组序列进化的模式和速率。 酶切位点位置异质性的鉴定 突变将为性状分析提供有价值的信息 在今后的分子系统学研究中， 被子植物科。 此外，将获得新的见解， 内核苷酸取代的速率和模式， 三个叶绿体基因的编码序列和非编码序列之间 在叶绿体基因组中具有不同的功能和位置。

Previous studies of chloroplast DNA variation in the Asteraceae have resolved many systematic issues at higher taxonomic levels. However, major problems persist in resolving tribal relationships and the monophyly of the subfamily Lactucoideae. An expanded examination of chloroplast DNA variation in the Asteraceae is proposed using comparative restriction site mapping of 10 enzymes and DNA sequencing of two genes (rpoC2 and ndhF) from representative species in all currently recognized tribes in the family. These new data will be combined with those from previous chloroplast DNA studies to address both phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary questions. Integration of molecular and morphological data will produce a comprehensive phylogeny and classification of the Asteraceae. Fine scale restriction site and gene mapping will enable the first direct comparisons of the phylogenetic utility of restriction site mutations in coding and noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome. Similarly, the availability of DNA sequences of three genes (rbcL, rpoC2, ndhF) will provide much needed comparisons of the usefulness of different chloroplast genes for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms. Statistical analyses of restriction site and sequence data will be used to examine the patterns and rates of sequence evolution in the chloroplast genome. Identification of heterogeneity in the location of restriction site mutations will provide valuable information for character analysis in future molecular systematic studies in the Asteraceae and other angiosperm families. Furthermore, new insights will be gained into the rates and patterns of nucleotide substitutions within and between coding and noncoding sequences from three chloroplast genes with different functions and locations in the chloroplast genome.