The Geraniaceae genomes project: Accelerated and coordinated evolution across the three plant genomes

牻牛儿科基因组计划：三种植物基因组的加速和协调进化

• 批准号: 1027529
• 负责人: Robert Jansen
• 金额: $ 310.28万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1027529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Geraniaceae; genomes; project; Accelerated; coordinated

PI: Robert K. Jansen (University of Texas at Austin)Co-PIs: Jeffrey P. Mower (University of Nebraska)and Jeffrey D. Palmer (Indiana University)Senior Scientist: Tracey A. Ruhlman (University of Texas at Austin)Plant cells contain genomes in three distinct compartments, the mitochondrion, nucleus and plastid. The mitochondrial and plastid genomes originated by incorporation of an earlier bacterial cell into another. Over time, thousands of genes transferred among these genomes and now there is extensive communication among the compartments. This interaction has resulted in considerable conservation and stability of the genomes across the evolutionary tree of plants. The flowering plant family Geraniaceae, which includes Geranium and other common plants, represents a novel exception to this high level of conservation because both mitochondrial and plastid genomes have experienced remarkably accelerated rates of change in both gene content and order and rates of nucleotide substitutions. The cause of these accelerated rates is unknown, but may be directed by genes encoded in the nucleus. This project investigates the basis for this accelerated evolution with the aim of understanding how genomes within a single cell can influence one another and co-evolve over time. The project will sequence the DNA in mitochondrial genomes and will sequence the genes expressed in the nucleus and mitochondria of 16 members of the Geraniaceae and two related families. These data will be compared to plastid data for the same species to elucidate the mechanisms of inter-compartmental crosstalk and co-evolution in plant cells. The goals of this project are to determine the extent of genomic upheaval in the mitochondrial and plastid genomes of the Geraniaceae and to identify the correlated changes in the nuclear genome that have driven this instability. The results are expected to improve significantly our understanding of the mechanisms of how genes are exchanged across different compartments within all plant cells. The topic of genome evolution within cells is ideal for teaching students about how genomes evolved, interact and contribute to plant growth and development. The project will work with high school science students by offering summer research internships at each institution. For teacher training, workshops will be offered each year and specific teacher training modules will be developed in cooperation with public service groups, such as the Texas Natural Science Center and the Wonderlab Museum of Science in Bloomington, IN. The genomic resources generated by this project will be important for further genetic work with this horticulturally valuable plant family, which is estimated to generate $4 billion in sales annually on a worldwide basis. Ultimately, identifying the sources of rapid evolution in the Geraniaceae could provide genomic tools for understanding and potentially manipulating organelle genomes in other crop plants. These resources will be made available to the scientific community and the public through the creation of a project website (accessible via http://www.biosci.utexas.edu/ib/faculty/jansen.htm) and by depositing the data in long-term sequence databases at GenBank.

PI：Robert K. Jansen（University of Texas at Austin）Co-PI：Jeffrey P. Mower（University of Nebraska）and Jeffrey D.帕默（印第安纳州大学）高级科学家：特雷西A。Ruhlman（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）植物细胞的基因组分为三个不同的区室，即细胞质、细胞核和质体。 线粒体和质体基因组起源于早期细菌细胞与另一个细胞的结合。随着时间的推移，成千上万的基因在这些基因组之间转移，现在这些基因组之间有广泛的交流。 这种相互作用导致了植物进化树中基因组的相当大的保守性和稳定性。显花植物老鹳草科，其中包括老鹳草和其他常见的植物，代表了一个新的例外，这种高水平的保护，因为线粒体和质体基因组经历了显着加速的变化率在基因内容和顺序和核苷酸取代率。这些加速率的原因尚不清楚，但可能是由细胞核中编码的基因指导的。该项目研究了这种加速进化的基础，目的是了解单个细胞内的基因组如何相互影响并随着时间的推移共同进化。该项目将对线粒体基因组中的DNA进行测序，并将对天竺葵科和两个相关家族的16个成员的细胞核和线粒体中表达的基因进行测序。将这些数据与同一物种的质体数据进行比较，以阐明植物细胞中室间串扰和共同进化的机制。该项目的目标是确定天竺葵科线粒体和质体基因组中基因组剧变的程度，并确定驱动这种不稳定性的核基因组中的相关变化。这些结果有望大大提高我们对基因如何在所有植物细胞内不同区室之间交换的机制的理解。 细胞内基因组进化的主题是理想的教授学生关于基因组如何进化，相互作用和促进植物生长和发育。该项目将通过在每个机构提供暑期研究实习机会，与高中理科学生合作。在教师培训方面，将每年举办讲习班，并与公共服务团体合作开发具体的教师培训模块，如德克萨斯州自然科学中心和印第安纳州布卢明顿的Wonderlab科学博物馆。该项目产生的基因组资源将对这一具有园艺价值的植物家族的进一步遗传工作至关重要，据估计，这一家族在全球范围内每年的销售额将达到40亿美元。 最终，确定天竺葵科快速进化的来源可以为理解和潜在地操纵其他作物植物中的细胞器基因组提供基因组工具。这些资源将通过建立一个项目网站（可通过http：//www.biosci.utexas.edu/ib/faculty/jansen.htm查阅）和将数据存入基因库的长期序列数据库，向科学界和公众提供。