Topics in the Economics of Traffic Congestion

本研究的目的是分析四个主题， 城市交通的经济理论。 鉴于巨大的 市中心地区主要新交通项目的成本， 以及对这些项目的政治反对，目前 城市交通政策的趋势是利用现有的 能力更有效。 这主要是要求 跨旅行模式，一天中的时间和链接的重新分配 城市交通网络。 效率低下的主要原因 利用现有的能力是，城市汽车旅行是 因为司机不为拥堵买单， 强加于人。 其中三个主题涉及拥堵的各个方面 定价 第一个问题是，如果有效拥塞 定价，建设成本的比例是多少？ 城市交通网络的运营将由通行费支付？ 第二个研究有效的停车政策，分析如何 应提供大量的空间，包括街道上和街道外的空间 停车场和收费应该如何设置。 第三个主题认为 在主要道路使用拥挤收费的一些实际问题 大都市机场，以取代目前的系统的重量- 根据飞机着陆费征收。 最后一个主题 调查个人如何协调他们的日常日程 （休闲和工作活动）的时间和空间，目的是 评估政府政策的可取性， 更灵活的工作时间。

The purpose of this research is to analyze four topics related to the economic theory of urban transportation. Given the huge costs of major new transportation projects in downtown areas, as well as the political opposition to such projects, the current trend in urban transportation policy is to utilize existing capacity more effectively. This entails primarily demand reallocation across travel modes, time of day, and links of the urban traffic network. The dominant cause of the inefficient utilization of existing capacity is that urban car travel is underpriced because drivers do not pay for the congestion they impose on others. Three of the topics concern various aspects of congestion pricing. The first asks the question; If efficient congestion pricing is employed, what proportion of the costs of constructing and operating an urban traffic network will be covered by tolls? The second examines efficient parking policy by analyzing how much space, both on- and off-street should be provided for parking and how should fees be set. The third topic considers some practical aspects of the use of congestion pricing at major metropolitan airports to replace the current system of weight- based landing fees levied on airplane. The final topic investigates how individuals coordinate their daily schedules (leisure and work activities) over time and space, with the aim of assessing the desirability of government policy to encourage more flexible working hours.