Collaborative Research on Urban Auto Congestion

城市汽车拥堵合作研究

• 批准号: 8912335
• 负责人: Richard Arnott
• 金额: $ 4.06万
• 依托单位: Boston College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-11-01 至 1991-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8912335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Urban; Auto; Congestion

The purpose of this project is to improve the modeling of urban traffic congestion, with an emphasis on the travel decisions made by commuters traveling by automobile. The ultimate goal is to construct a practical and theoretically sound simulation model in which road pricing and other policies can be evaluated. This research builds on earlier work in which roads are modeled as bottlenecks with fixed flow capacity. Six extensions of this model will be pursued: 1) Incorporating directly the arrival time preferences of commuters by modeling the interaction between workers in the city center. Staggered working hours and flexitime policies are considered as ways of spreading out commuting trips and reducing congestion, 2) Evaluating the gains from tolls and capacity expansion using more realistic models of traffic flow in which flow is density-dependent, 3) Investigation of the circumstances under which traffic flows become hypercongested, 4) Addition of a parking module to the bottleneck model to determine the effect of parking fees and walking time on trip time decisions and to improve the understanding of the interaction between parking congestion and moving-traffic congestion, 5) Analysis of simple road networks, 6) Evaluation of the welfare effects or route guidance systems, whereby real-time information and advice is provided to drivers on traffic conditions. This project is important because it will enhance our ability to plan and more effectively manage our transportation system.

本项目的目的是改善城市的建模 交通拥堵，重点是出行决策 乘汽车上下班的人。 最终目标是 建立一个实用的和理论上合理的仿真模型， 可以评估哪些道路定价和其他政策。 这 研究建立在早期工作的基础上， 具有固定流量的瓶颈。 六个延伸 模型将遵循：1）直接计算到达时间 通过模拟通勤者之间的相互作用， 工人在市中心。 错开工作时间和 弹性工作时间政策被认为是一种分散的方式， 通勤出行和减少拥堵，2）评估收益 从通行费和容量扩张使用更现实的模型， 交通流，其中流量是密度依赖的，3）调查 交通流量在何种情况下成为 过度拥挤，4）在瓶颈处增加停车模块 模型来确定停车费和步行时间对 行程时间的决定，并提高对 停车拥挤与移动交通相互作用 交通拥挤，5）简单道路网络分析，6） 福利效应或路线引导系统， 为驾驶人士提供交通资讯和意见 条件 这个项目很重要，因为它将提高 我们计划和更有效地管理 交通系统。