Critical and Hydrodynamic Effects in Confined Helium

人们所习惯的大多数材料都是无限大的， 三维的 这意味着他们的 特殊尺寸在所有方向上延伸， 远大于相关的长度尺度。 这方面的一个例子 长度尺度是原子间的距离。 在许多情况下， 然而，例如在系统经历一个阶段时， 转变，或在低温下，其他，更大的长度 规模变得很重要。 因此，对于大多数目的来说， 在这种情况下，可能看起来很大， 并表现出戏剧性的行为变化。 量化这种变化， 行为是非常重要的，因为它涉及到他们的核心。 理解维度的作用， 技术以及它的科学意义。 氦气， 由于一些有利的条件，如 超流体性质，是研究超流体效应的理想体系。 限制和维度的作用。 该项目由 一些独立的实验，当完成时， 为这种理解做出了重大贡献。

Most Materials to which one is accustomed are infinite in size and three-dimensional in character. By this it is meant that their special dimensions extend over distances, in all directions, which are much larger than relevant length scales. An example of this length scale is the interatomic distance. In many circumstances, however, such as at the point where a system undergoes a phase transformation, or at low temperatures, other, much larger length scales become important. Thus a system, which for most purposes might look quite large becomes, under these circumstances, finite and shows dramatic change in behavior. Quantifying this change in behavior is very important, since it goes to the heart of their understanding of the role of dimensionality both in terms of its technological as well as its scientific implications. Helium, because of a number of favorable circumstances, such as its superfluid properties, is an ideal system to study effects of confinement and the role of dimensionality. This project consists of a number of separate experiments, which, when completed, will make a significant contribution to this understanding.