Temporal Changes in Biological Community Structure and Associated Geological Features at Newly Formed Hydrothermal Vents on the EPR Crest

EPR 顶部新形成的热液喷口生物群落结构和相关地质特征的时间变化

• 批准号: 9217703
• 负责人: Daniel Fornari
• 金额: $ 10.03万
• 依托单位: Columbia University Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9217703&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Temporal; Changes; Biological; Community; Structure

The discovery in April , 1991 of newly-formed hydrothermal vents located in areas of recent and intense volcanic activity between 9o45' and 9o52'N along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) affords, for the first time, the opportunity to follow biological and geological changes over time from the apparent "birth" of a number of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Observations and measurements made using the submersible Alvin in March, 1992, 11 months after an active eruptive event, have indicated dramatic changes in geological features, vent fluid geochemistry and biological community structure over the 11-month period since the eruptive events was observed on the seafloor in the region. During the March, 1992 cruise, 210 markers were deployed along a 1.4 km stretch of the axial summit caldera (ASC) of the EPR between 9o49.61' and 9o50.36'N. The resulting transect, which traversed numerous active vent areas, was extensively documented utilizing a variety of 35 mm, electronic still camera, and Hi-8 video capabilities. The primary objective of this study is to document over a 3-year period temporal changes in biological community structure and associated geological features observed along this active segment of the mid-oceanic ridge axis. The approach involves a combination of: (1) numerous 35 mm, Hi-8 video, and electronic still camera (ESC) imaging surveys along the recently marked 1.4 km stretch of the ASC; and (2) long term time-lapse photography (Hi-8 video) at three-designated "sanctuaries" within this hydrothermally active region of the ASC.

1991年4月发现新形成的热液 位于最近火山活动强烈地区的火山口 沿东太平洋海隆（EPR）在北纬沿着9 o 45 '和9 o 52'之间 这是第一次有机会跟踪生物学 从一个明显的“诞生”开始， number 的 深海热液喷口 意见 和 1992年3月使用潜水器Alvin进行的测量，11 在一次活跃的喷发事件发生几个月后， 地质特征、喷口流体地球化学和 生物群落结构在11个月期间， 在该区域海底观察到喷发事件。 在1992年3月的巡航中，沿沿着 1.4 EPR的轴向山顶破火山口（ASC）的公里延伸 北纬9o49.61'至9o50.36'之间。 由此产生的样带， 穿越了许多活跃的喷口区域， 利用各种35毫米，电子照相机，和Hi-8 视频能力。 本研究的主要目的是 记录3年期间生物学的时间变化 观察到的群落结构和相关地质特征 沿着大洋中脊轴的活跃段。 的 一种方法包括以下组合：（1）许多35毫米，高-8 视频和电子照相机（ESC）成像调查沿着 最近标记的1.4公里长的ASC;（2）长期 延时 摄影 （Hi-8） 视频） 在 三定 在这个热液活跃的区域内的“保护区” ASC。