Temporal Changes in Biological Community Structure and Associated Geological Features at Newly-Found Hydrothermal Vents on the EPR Crest

EPR 顶部新发现的热液喷口生物群落结构和相关地质特征的时间变化

• 批准号: 9217746
• 负责人: Rachel Haymon
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9217746&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Temporal; Changes; Biological; Community; Structure

The discovery in April , 1991 of newly-formed hydrothermal vents located in areas of recent and intense volcanic activity between 9o45' and 9o52'N along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) affords, for the first time, the opportunity to follow biological and geological changes over time from the apparent "birth" of a number of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Observations and measurements made using the submersible Alvin in March, 1992, 11 months after an active eruptive event, have indicated dramatic changes in geological features, vent fluid geochemistry and biological community structure over the 11-month period since the eruptive events was observed on the seafloor in the region. During the March, 1992 cruise, 210 markers were deployed along a 1.4 km stretch of the axial summit caldera (ASC) of the EPR between 9o49.61' and 9o50.36'N. The resulting transect, which traversed numerous active vent areas, was extensively documented utilizing a variety of 35 mm, electronic still camera, and Hi-8 video capabilities. The primary objective of this study is to document over a 3-year period temporal changes in biological community structure and associated geological features observed along this active segment of the mid-oceanic ridge axis. The approach involves a combination of: (1) numerous 35 mm, Hi-8 video, and electronic still camera (ESC) imaging surveys along the recently marked 1.4 km stretch of the ASC; and (2) long term time-lapse photography (Hi-8 video) at three-designated "sanctuaries" within this hydrothermally active region of the ASC.

1991年4月，在东太平洋海隆沿着北纬9 ° 45 '至9 ° 52'之间最近火山活动激烈的地区发现了新形成的热液喷口，这首次提供了从若干深海热液喷口的明显“诞生”开始跟踪生物和地质随时间变化的机会。1992年3月，在一次活跃的喷发事件发生11个月后，利用阿尔文号潜水器进行的观测和测量表明，自从在该区域海底观测到喷发事件以来的11个月期间，地质特征、喷口流体地球化学和生物群落结构发生了巨大变化。在1992年3月的巡航中，在北纬9o49.61'和9o50.36'之间的EPR轴向山顶破火山口（ASC）的1.4 km延伸段上沿着布设了210个标志物。利用各种35 mm电子照相机和Hi-8视频功能，对穿越许多活跃喷口区域的横断面进行了广泛记录。这项研究的主要目的是记录在三年期间沿大洋中脊轴线这一活跃段沿着观察到的生物群落结构和相关地质特征的时间变化。该方法包括：（1）沿着最近标记的ASC的1.4 km延伸段进行大量的35 mm、Hi-8视频和电子照相机（ESC）成像调查;以及（2）在ASC的热液活动区域内的三个指定“保护区”进行长期延时摄影（Hi-8视频）。