Cloud Condensation Nuclei: A Link Between Oceanic Sulfur and Climate at Palmer Station, Antarctica

该项目的目标是使用首席调查员自己设计的云凝聚核(CCN)光谱仪，在南极帕尔默站获得定量的云凝聚核(CCN)数据。该项目与对流层硫化学研究相结合，以考察涉及大气CCN和海洋浮游植物排放二甲基硫化物(DMS)的气候负反馈机制。DMS在大气中被氧化并转化为CCN，随着CCN浓度的增加，导致更广泛的海洋层状云。云层覆盖的增加，因为它反射了进入的太阳辐射的更大比例，被假设为产生了大规模的大气冷却。海洋表面的净冷却和太阳辐射的减少减少了海洋浮游植物的数量和DMS的排放速率。帕尔默站位置偏远，建立了为期两年的大气硫化学研究项目，这为我们提供了一个独特的机会，不仅可以研究CCN和DMS之间的定量关系，而且还可以研究其他瞬时和稳定的硫化物之间的关系，如非海盐硫酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐和硫酸，以及干燥的气溶胶和海盐颗粒。

The objective of this project is to obtain quantitative cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) data at Palmer Station, Antarctica, using a CCN spectrometer of the principal investigator's own design. The project is integrated with a study of tropospheric sulfur chemistry in order to examine the climatic negative feedback mechanism involving atmospheric CCN and the emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from oceanic phytoplankton. DMS is oxidized and converted to CCN in the atmosphere, with the increased concentration of CCN leading to more extensive marine stratus clouds. The increased cloud cover, because it reflects a greater proportion of the incoming solar radiation, is hypothesized to produce large-scale atmospheric cooling. The net cooling and the reduced solar radiation at the surface reduce the oceanic phytoplankton population and the rate of DMS emission. The remote location of Palmer Station, and the establishment of the two-year study of atmospheric sulfur chemistry offers a unique opportunity to study quantitative relationships, not only between CCN and DMS, but also with other transient and stable sulfur compounds such as non-sea salt sulfates, methane sulfonate, and sulfuric acid, as well as dry aerosols and sea salt particles.