Study of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE)

南大洋（SO）地区是地球上最原始的气溶胶环境，但几乎整个地区都被认为是采样不足的。作为“工业化前气溶胶气候效应研究”（SPACE）项目的合作伙伴，我们参与了前所未有的南极环球考察（ACE），这使我们有独特的机会在这个偏远地区进行高质量的气溶胶测量。总的来说，ACE-SPACE旨在详细描述未受人为污染影响的原始气溶胶，因此代表了可与工业化前大气中气溶胶相媲美的气溶胶。在ACE-SPACE的背景下，我们的，即TROPOS特别关注的是与气候相关的气溶胶云相互作用有关的气溶胶粒子，特别是能够充当云凝结（CCN）的粒子，以及能够成核冰（INP）的粒子。在ACE期间，我们将在俄罗斯破冰船“特列什尼科夫院士号”（Akademik Tryoshnikov）上进行为期3个月的连续INP和ccn相关的现场测量，并进行气溶胶颗粒过滤器采样。在ACE-SPACE中，我们只获得用于进行过滤样品的测量和化学表征的资金，在这里，我们申请资金（主要是1名博士生，三年67%）用于对收集的样品和数据进行科学评估，物理分析和解释。建议的工作将产生关于SO区域的INP和CCN数量浓度的独特数据，以及关于INP冰成核和CCN以及激活行为的信息。这些数据将与气象信息（例如反轨迹）和采样气溶胶颗粒的化学成分信息联系起来，以确定INPs和CCNs的来源。在本提案框架内编制的工业化前样CCN和INP的定量信息在SPP内提供，但也被我们在ACE-SPACE项目内的合作伙伴用于评估和约束全球模型和卫星检索方法。

The Southern Ocean (SO) region is the most pristine aerosol environment on Earth, but almost the entire region is considered as under-sampled. As partner of the -Study of Preindustrial-like-Aerosol Climate Effects- (SPACE) project we participate in the unprecedented Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE), giving us the unique opportunity to conduct high quality aerosol measurements in this remote region. ACE-SPACE in general aims at a detailed characterization of the pristine aerosol which is unaffected by anthropogenic pollution and therefore represents an aerosol comparable to that in a pre-industrial atmosphere. Our, i.e., TROPOS special focus in context of ACE-SPACE is on aerosol particles involved in climate relevant aerosol cloud interactions, specifically on particles able to act as cloud condensation (CCN), as well as particles able to nucleate ice (INP). During ACE we will perform 3 months of continuous INP- and CCN-related in-situ measurements together with aerosol particle filter sampling on-board the Russian ice-breaker Akademik Tryoshnikov. As within ACE-SPACE we are only funded for carrying out the measurements, and chemical characterization of the filter samples, here we apply for funding (mainly 1 PhD student, 67% for three years) for the scientific evaluation, physical analysis, and interpretation of the collected samples and data. The suggested work will yield unique data concerning INP and CCN number concentrations in the SO region, as well as information with respect to the INPs ice nucleation and CCNs and activation behaviour. These data will be linked with meteorological information (e.g. back trajectories) and information on the chemical composition of the sampled aerosol particles for identifying the INPs and CCNs sources. The quantitative information on preindustrial-like CCN and INP compiled in the framework of the present proposal are made available within the SPP, but are also used by our partners within the ACE-SPACE project to evaluate and constrain global models and satellite retrieval methods.