Malpighian Tubule Transport Physiology: Mechanisms and Regulation

马氏小管运输生理学：机制和调节

• 批准号: 9220464
• 负责人: Klaus Beyenbach
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-06-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9220464&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Malpighian; Tubule; Transport; Physiology; Mechanisms

When solutes and water are transported across epithelial tissues such as the intestine, they may take one of two pathways: through cells and/or between cells. To this date transport through cells has been studied in enormous detail. Our good understanding of transcellular transport and its regulation has helped us appreciate the mechanisms of animal adaptation to fresh- and saltwater, it has led to the discovery of the molecular defect in cystic fibrosis, and it has aided the development of new drugs (diuretics). The mechanisms of transport between cells are just now beginning to receive attention. A major advance in this direction was made during the previous NSF award period in the laboratory of the PI: the first demonstration that an extracellular peptide (leucoknin, a neurohormone) regulates a transport pathway outside the cell. Whether this pathway is between cells, the so-called paracellular pathway, is the first and most important objective of the continuation of this work. The second objective is the detailed examination of the ion pump located in the cell membrane facing the urine side of the kidney. The third objective is to discover new hormones involved in the regulation of transport. This work is done in isolated kidneys of insects, the so-called Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito.

当溶质和水通过上皮组织（如肠）运输时，它们可能采取两种途径之一：通过细胞和/或细胞之间。到目前为止，通过细胞的运输已经进行了大量的详细研究。我们对跨细胞运输及其调节的良好理解帮助我们理解了动物适应淡水和盐水的机制，它导致了囊性纤维化中分子缺陷的发现，并有助于新药（利尿剂）的开发。细胞之间的运输机制刚刚开始受到关注。在这个方向上的一个重大进展是在以前的NSF奖期间在PI的实验室：第一次证明，细胞外肽（leucoknin，神经激素）调节细胞外的运输途径。这种通路是否在细胞之间，即所谓的细胞旁通路，是这项工作继续进行的第一个也是最重要的目标。第二个目的是详细检查位于细胞膜上的离子泵，该细胞膜面向肾脏的尿液侧。第三个目标是发现参与运输调节的新激素。这项工作是在昆虫的离体肾脏中完成的，即黄热病蚊子的所谓马氏管。