Conference: Travel Support for Junior and Underrepresented US Scientists to Present Research at the July 1-4, 2011 SEB Meetings in Glasgow, Scotland.

会议：为年轻和代表性不足的美国科学家提供差旅支持，以便他们在 2011 年 7 月 1 日至 4 日在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的 SEB 会议上展示研究成果。

• 批准号: 1110221
• 负责人: Klaus Beyenbach
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1110221&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conference; Travel; Support; Junior; Underrepresented

Without insects pollinating plants and trees, which we use for food and construction, most of the terrestrial life forms would disappear. Insects are also the most successful animals on planet Earth, not only in biomass but also in the number of species with estimates as high as 30 Million (compared to about 42,000 species of vertebrates). On the other hand, some insects can cause devastating destruction of forests and crops, and insects feeding on the blood of birds and mammals are known to transmit dreadful diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, encephalitis, West Nile disease, filariasis, lyme disease, leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, typhus fever, and the plague. The evolutionary success of insects stems in part from their functional diversity. For example, insects have developed extraordinary mechanisms for handling water problems with great alacrity. Insects inhabiting arid environments have developed rather water-impermeable armor, insects inhabiting saline waters raise the salt content of their blood to prevent water loss, insects inhabiting fresh water produce large quantities of dilute urine, and mosquitoes gorging on blood have powerful mechanisms for getting rid of unwanted salt and water. At the 2011 meeting of the Society of Experimental Biology in Glasgow, Scotland, the evolutionary success of insects will be examined from the perspective of water balance. Of particular interest will be mechanisms in 1) the intestine, where water is taken up, and 2) the kidneys and salivary glands, where water is eliminated. Central to water transport is the transport of diverse solutes by so-called ion pumps and ion-dependent carriers. Since differences between animals disappear as one proceeds to study progressively smaller parts, the fourth and final oral session will introduce new transport systems discovered in vertebrate tissues with the aim of stimulating the discovery of counterparts in insects. Thus, the primary purpose of the SEB meeting is to enhance our research and teaching. The second aim of the scientific sessions is to give junior scientists from undergraduate to assistant professor the floor in four oral sessions and to allow senior scientists to present new work in two poster sessions. Speakers will reflect the increasing presence of women scientists and underrepresented scientists. One scientific session will be dedicated to William Harvey, now 83, who can look back on a productive career in his study of transport phenomena in insects. Other role models to speak in oral sessions are Sylvie Breton (Harvard Medical School), and Shireen Davies (University of Glasgow).

如果没有昆虫为植物和树木授粉，我们将其用于食物和建筑，大多数陆地生命形式将消失。 昆虫也是地球上最成功的动物，不仅在生物量方面，而且在物种数量方面，估计高达3000万（相比之下，脊椎动物约有42，000种）。 另一方面，一些昆虫会对森林和农作物造成毁灭性的破坏，以鸟类和哺乳动物的血液为食的昆虫已知会传播可怕的疾病，如疟疾、黄热病、登革热、脑炎、西尼罗河病、丝虫病、莱姆病、利什曼病、昏睡病、恰加斯病、斑疹伤寒和鼠疫。昆虫的进化成功部分源于它们的功能多样性。 例如，昆虫已经发展出非凡的机制，可以非常敏捷地处理水的问题。 生活在干旱环境中的昆虫已经发展出相当不透水的盔甲，生活在盐水沃茨中的昆虫提高血液中的盐含量以防止水分流失，生活在淡水中的昆虫产生大量稀释的尿液，而大量吸食血液的蚊子有强大的机制来排出不需要的盐和水。2011年在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的实验生物学学会会议上，将从水平衡的角度来考察昆虫的进化成功。 特别感兴趣的将是1）肠道中的机制，其中水被吸收，以及2）肾脏和唾液腺中的机制，其中水被排出。 水运输的核心是通过所谓的离子泵和离子依赖载体运输各种溶质。 由于动物之间的差异消失，因为一个人继续研究逐步更小的部分，第四次也是最后一次口头会议将介绍新的运输系统中发现的脊椎动物组织的目的是刺激在昆虫中发现对应的。 因此，SEB会议的主要目的是加强我们的研究和教学。 科学会议的第二个目标是让从本科生到助理教授的初级科学家在四个口头会议上发言，并允许高级科学家在两个海报会议上展示新的工作。 发言者将反映出女科学家和代表性不足的科学家人数越来越多的情况。 一个科学会议将致力于威廉哈维，现年83岁，谁可以回顾在他的研究昆虫运输现象的富有成效的职业生涯。 其他在口头会议上发言的榜样是西尔维布雷东（哈佛医学院）和希琳戴维斯（格拉斯哥大学）。