Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies

WPCK 2 B p z 10 cpi #|X K x 6 x @ 8; X@ HP LaserJet IIISi HPLASIII.PRS X @ , 、、7| X@#|X 2 z B # X F ` HP LaserJet IIISi HPLASIII.PRS X @ , 、、7| X@10cpi 10cpi（粗体） ? x x x， 宽x 6 x @ 8; X@ ? x x x， X ` B; X 这是一个为期五年的连续奖励的第一年资助。 thi 搜索发展了一个理论，关于社会法律在计算环境中的效用。 2 我 小行星9220645 "" h h # ( - p p 2 7 ? X 这是一个为期三年的连续奖励的第一年资助。 这项研究开发了一个理论，关于在计算环境中的社会法律的效用，法律，保证多个程序和程序员的成功共存。 它侧重于计算机代理活动的协调，但调查将受到社会协调的指导，并影响社会协调，社会协调也涉及人类。 在文献中已经讨论了一些活动协调的方法，本研究集中在一种方法，虽然非常常识，在计算机科学界得到了相对较少的关注。 大致来说，方法如下。 社会将采用一套社会法律;每个代理人将被要求遵守这些法律，并能够假设所有其他人也会遵守这些法律。 这些定律一方面会约束代理人可用的计划，但另一方面会保证其他代理人的某些行为。 移动的机器人的交通规则领域说明了这一点：这种方法不是安装一个集中式控制器（当今机器人技术中最常见的方法），或者让机器人不断协商以避免碰撞（其精神代表了分布式人工智能中的许多工作），而是让机器人遵守交通规则，例如"靠右行驶"。 同样，尽管这种方法非常常识化，但它并没有以系统的方式发展起来;正如我们将看到的，它提出了一些非常重要的问题。 拟议研究的一部分是关于社会法律的离线设计，沿着上一段提到的路线。 另一部分是关于社会习俗的在线演变：即使我们作为设计师不能提前实施社会法律，我们也希望以一种鼓励习俗随着时间的推移而演变的方式设计代理。 为实现这一目标，本文提出了以下几个方面的工作：（1）为多智能体系统定义精确的模型，在模型中明确地表达社会规律：（2）定义和研究离线合成有用的社会规律所涉及的基本计算问题;（3）在特定应用领域的框架内实现人工智能体社会的社会法则思想，同时仍然证明这些法律在这些领域的有用性的分析结果;（4）调查的社会习俗的演变在计算框架。 更具体地说，了解不同的参数（如记忆和沟通）如何影响习俗演变的效率;（5）调查社会结构（如权威等级）和社会法律之间的相互作用。 h）的 0 * 0 * 0

WPCK 2 B P Z Courier 10cpi #| x K x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ HP LaserJet IIISi HPLASIII.PRS x @ , \ , , 7|X @ #| x 2 Z B # X F ` HP LaserJet IIISi HPLASIII.PRS x @ , \ , , 7|X @Courier 10cpi Courier 10cpi (Bold) ? x x x , w x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ ? x x x , x ` B ; X This is the first year funding of a five year continuing award. Thi search develops a theory regarding the utility of social laws in a computational e 2 I 9220645 Shoham ` ` h h # ( - p p 2 7 ? X This is the first year funding of a three year continuing award. This research develops a theory regarding the utility of social laws in a computational environment, laws which guarantee successful coexistence of multiple programs and programmers. It focuses on the coordination of activities of computer agents, but the investigations will be guided by, and impact, coordination in societies which involve humans as well. A number of approaches to activity coordination have been discussed in the literature; this research concentrates on one approach which, although very commonsensical, has received relatively little attention in the computer science community. Roughly speaking, the approach is as follows. The society will adopt a set of social laws; each agent will be required to obey these laws, and will be able to assume that all others will as well. These laws will on the one hand constrain the plans available to the agent, but on the other hand will guarantee certain behaviors on the part of other agents. The domain of traffic laws for mobile robots illustrates the point: Rather than install a centralized controller (the most common approach in robotics today), or have the robots continually negotiate in order to avoid collisions (the spirit of which is representative of much work in distributed AI), this approach will have robots obey traffic laws such as "keep to the right of the road". Again, although very commonsensical, this approach has not been developed in a systematic fashion; as we shall see, it poses some highly nontrivial problems. One part of the proposed research is concerned with the off line design of social laws, along the lines mentioned in the previous paragraph. Another part is concerned with the on line evolution of social conventions: even when we as designers are not in a position to impose social laws ahead of time, we will want to design the agents in a way which will encourage the evolution of conventions over time. In service of these goals, the following is proposed: (1) define precise models for multi agent systems, in which social laws are explicitly represented; (2) define and investigate the basic computational problems involved in off line synthesis of useful social laws; (3) implement the idea of social laws for artificial agent societies in the framework of particular domains of application, while still proving analytical results about the usefulness of these laws in those domains; (4) investigate the evolution of social conventions in a computational framework. More specifically, understand how different parameters (such as memory and communication) affect the efficiency of convention evolution; and (5) investigate the interaction between social structure (such as authority hierarchies) and social laws. h) 0*0*0*