Collaborative Research: Flux and Fate of Sediment and Water from Small Mountainous Rivers to the Continental Margin: the Gulf of Alaska Example

摘要ATM-9223114 Nitrouer，Charles A. 州立大学纽约石溪分校题目：从小型多山河流到大陆边缘的沉积物和水的通量和命运：以阿拉斯加湾为例 从山脉直接流入海洋的小河流携带的沉积物比通常设想的要多，在海平面高的时候，其中相当大的比例可能逃到更深的沃茨。 该奖项支持全新世河流沉积物流入阿拉斯加湾的通量的研究，其一般较小的支流河流是北美沉积物的最大供应者。 阿拉斯加的河流相对不受人类活动的影响，尽管冰川活动导致了比其他具有类似流域的河流更高的沉积物产量。 高分辨率地震剖面分析，加上以前收集的地震数据，将有助于查明大陆架和陆坡上的沉积物积聚和排放模式，并追踪偶发（洪水）事件产生的各个沉积层。 沉积学数据将有助于确定逃逸路线/过程，各种放射性测年数据将显示出现频率和积累率。 相将通过成分和结构分析来确定，陆棚沉积物中陆源颗粒和有机质的来源（和命运）也将如此。 通过对沉积物有机质中总有机碳、总氮、d13 C、d15 N和木质素氧化产物的测定，确定沉积物中有机质的积累量和来源。 还将评价控制地层形成的同期海洋学过程。 这些资料应有助于解释通过地震剖面和取芯观测到的较老地层。

Abstract ATM-9223114 Nitrouer, Charles A. State University of New York at Stonybrook Title: Flux and Fate of Sediment and Water from Small, Mountainous Rivers to the Continental Margin: The Gulf of Alaska Example Small rivers charging directly from mountains into the ocean carry greater sediment loads than commonly envisioned, a relatively great percentage of which may escape to deeper waters during high stands of sea level. This award supports a study of the flux of Holocene fluvial sediment into the Gulf of Alaska, whose generally small tributary rivers are collectively the largest supplier of sediment from North America. Alaskan rivers are relatively uninfluenced by human activities, although glacial activity has resulted in higher sediment yields than noted for other rivers with similar drainage areas. High-resolution seismic profiling, in conjunction with seismic data previously collected, will allow the identification of sediment accumulation and discharge patterns on the shelf and slope, as well as trace individual sediment layers derived from episodic (flood) events. Sedimentological data will help define the escape routes/processes, and a variety of radiometric datings will show frequency of occurrence and rates of accumulation. Facies will be defined by compositional and textural analyses, as will be sources (and fates) of terrigneous grains and organic matter in shelf sediments. Measurements of total organic carbon and total nitrogen, d13C, d15N, and lignin oxidation productions in sediment organic matter will be used to determine the amount and source of organic matter accumulating in the sediments. Contemporaneous oceanographic processes controlling strata formation will also be evaluated. This information should help in the interpretation of the older strata observed by seismic profiling and coring.