National Science Foundation Alan T. Waterman Award

施里尼瓦斯·库尔卡尔尼博士因在脉冲星、星际介质和天文仪器方面的工作而获得艾伦·T·沃特曼奖。他是已知的第一颗毫秒脉冲星的共同发现者。他的研究小组进行了调查，以发现球状星团中的脉冲星，并对约三分之一的已知例子负责。他还研究了许多单独的脉冲星。这项工作包括探测毫秒脉冲星的X射线辐射，以及发现与超新星遗迹有关的已知最古老的脉冲星之一。他证明，一种特殊的射电源是一颗超新星遗迹，其边缘嵌入了一颗脉冲星。这意味着超新星爆炸是高度不对称的，并以高速抛射产生的中子星。他对星际介质的研究证明了银河系中存在一个磁离子盘，它延伸到25kpc，同时为另一个星系M51提供了第一张3毫米CO线上的高分辨率图像。在仪器领域，他开发了具有宽带和快速信号处理器的脉冲星计时仪。这个装置可以探测到比以前更微弱、周期更短的脉冲星。他开发了一种光学干涉仪，可以产生恒星的衍射极限图像。用200英寸望远镜观测长周期变星米拉。Palomar天文台显示，这颗恒星不是圆形的，因此很可能正在经历非径向振荡。他目前正在进行光学干涉计量学的研究，旨在将这些技术与自适应光学的发展相结合。

Dr. Shrinivas Kulkarni is receiving the Alan T. Waterman award for his work on pulsars, the interstellar medium and astronomical instrumentation. He was co-discoverer of the first known millisecond pulsar. His research group has carried out surveys to discover pulsars in globular clusters and is responsible for about 1/3 of the known examples. He has also investigated many individual pulsars. This work has included the detection of x- ray emission from a millisecond pulsar and the discovery of one of the oldest known examples of a pulsar associated with a supernova remnant. He showed that a peculiar radio source was a supernova remnant with a pulsar embedded in its rim. This implies that supernova explosion was highly asymmetric and ejected the resulting neutron star at high velocity. His studies of the interstellar medium have demonstrated the existence of a magneto-ionic disk in the galaxy which extends out to 25 kpc while providing the first high-resolution images in the 3-mm line of CO for another galaxy, M 51. In the area of instrumentation he developed a pulsar timing instrument with a wide band width and fast signal processor. This device permits the detection of fainter and shorter period pulsars than had been possible previously. He has developed an optical interferometer which can produce diffraction limited images of stars. Observations of the long period variable star Mira with the 200 inch telescope at Mt. Palomar Observatory showed that the star is not round and is, thus, likely to be undergoing non-radial oscillations. He is currently carrying out studies of optical interferometry aimed at combining those techniques with developments in adaptive optics.