Modern Physics Experiments for Undergraduates with Cooled Charge-Coupled Device Array Detectors

使用冷却电荷耦合器件阵列探测器进行本科生现代物理实验

• 批准号: 9251313
• 负责人: Robert Austin
• 金额: $ 3.81万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-15 至 1994-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9251313&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Modern; Physics; Experiments; Undergraduates; Cooled

The Junior Advanced Laboratory at Princeton University is the core experimental course for physics majors. A major overhaul currently underway, seeks to replace some old experiments with new ones, and to upgrade the instrumentation in the rest. A significant fraction of the new experiments relate to techniques of modern optics or the detection of photons. They have acquired two charge coupled device (CCD) cameras that are greatly facilitating the implementation of these experiments. (Some of these would not be possible without the CCD.) In three of these experiments, the CCD is being used with a spectrometer and a home-built pulsed nitrogen laser which pumps a dye laser. An introduction to the important technique of hole-burning transient spectroscopy is being offered in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, students are being introduced to modern non-linear optics by performing four-wave phase conjugation in sodium vapor. The CCD detector greatly facilitates tuning of the pump lasers to the sodium transition lines. The third optics experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of Raman scattering in water. The capability of simultaneously capturing the full Raman spectrum in a CCD array makes this experiment feasible in an undergraduate lab. Resonance- enhanced Raman scattering will also be used to study dilute concentrations of hemoglobin in solution. Experiment 4 uses a CCD camera to record the orbits of the moons of Jupiter, and to measure their periods and orbit radii. The last experiment demonstrates the interference of a single photon with itself in generating the classic Young interference pattern. Although photographic film is competitive with the CCD detector, the latter is much more versatile and better suited for an instructional laboratory setting.

普林斯顿大学初级高级实验室是物理专业的核心实验课。目前正在进行的一项重大改革，旨在用新的实验取代一些旧的实验，并对其余部分的仪器进行升级。新实验中有很大一部分与现代光学技术或光子探测有关。他们已经获得了两台电荷耦合器件(CCD)相机，这极大地促进了这些实验的实施。(如果没有CCD，其中一些是不可能实现的。)在其中的三个实验中，使用了一台光谱仪和一台自制的脉冲氮气激光器来泵浦染料激光。实验1介绍了烧孔瞬变光谱的重要技术。实验2通过在钠蒸气中进行四波位相共轭，向学生介绍了现代非线性光学。该探测器极大地方便了泵浦激光器对钠跃迁谱线的调谐。第三个光学实验演示了水中的拉曼散射现象。在一个CCD阵列中同时捕获全拉曼光谱的能力使这项实验在本科生实验室中是可行的。共振增强拉曼散射也将被用来研究溶液中血红蛋白的稀释浓度。实验4使用一台ccd相机记录木星卫星的轨道，并测量它们的周期和轨道半径。最后一个实验演示了在产生经典的杨氏干涉图样时，单个光子与自身的干涉。虽然照相胶片与CCD探测器竞争，但后者用途更广，更适合于教学实验室环境。