PRF/J: The Evolution of Metabolic Rate in Response to Temperature

温度对植物代谢影响的种间比较 长期以来，外温动物的速率一直被用作 对环境的生理适应， 从相对寒冷的栖息地进化出了更高的新陈代谢 低体温时的容量（补偿）。 种间 比较提供了一个长期进化的视角， 模式，但很少深入了解当代动态， 生理进化 代谢进化的动力学 当代人群将使用一系列的 代谢率热依赖性的补充研究 在黑腹果蝇中 首先，复制该物种的种群 将被比较。 其次，这些结果将与 从沿着3000公里采集的标本中获得的相同类型的数据 样带 如果补偿性进化已经发生， 在低温（或高纬度）下， 相对于高温导致的果蝇代谢率升高 situations. 热依赖性的相关响应 代谢率对极端温度的选择也将是 考察 如果基因组的组成部分之间存在遗传相关性， 对温度的代谢反应， 极端的温度会影响代谢率， 温度 %%% 外温动物的代谢率对于 运动性能，竞争能力， 与一系列生活史变量相关。 最近的工作 比较和进化生理学反复强调， 理解热敏性的演变的重要性， 但很少有研究研究探讨小型外温动物的这一特征。 研究比较生理学的一个重要目标是 确定为什么生活史参数之间的权衡（对于 例如，增长率和渐近大小之间的权衡） 存在. 最终，这样的研究对理解 人类生活史特征的生物学极限， 寿命和生殖寿命。

Interspecific comparisons of temperature effects on metabolic rates of ectotherms have long been used as premier examples of physiological adaptation to environment - - typically populations from relatively cold habitats have evolved increased metabolic capacities (compensation) at low body temperatures. Interspecific comparisons provide a perspective on long term evolutionary patterns, but little insight into contemporary dynamics of physiological evolution. The dynamics of metabolic evolution in contemporary populations will be explored using a series of complementary studies of the thermal dependence of metabolic rate in Drosophila melanogaster. First, replicate stocks of the species will be compared. Second, these results will be compared to the same type of data from specimens collected along a 3000 kilometer transect. If compensatory evolution has occurred, flies evolving at low temperatures (or high latitudes) are expected to exhibit elevated metabolic rates relative to flies from high temperature situations. Correlated responses of thermal dependence of metabolic rate to selection for temperature extremes will also be examined. If there are genetic correlations between components of the metabolic response to temperature, selection for tolerance of temperature extremes should influence metabolic rate at other temperatures. %%% Metabolic rate in ectotherms has a profound significance for locomotor performance, competitive ability, and is strongly correlated with an array of life history variables. Recent work in comparative and evolutionary physiology repeatedly stresses the importance of understanding the evolution of thermal sensitivity, but few studies have examined this feature in small ectotherms. One important goal of studying comparative physiology is to ascertain why tradeoffs between life history parameters (for example, the tradeoff between growth rate and asymptotic size) exist. Ultimately such research has implications for understanding the biological limits of human life history traits such as longevity and reproductive life span.