PRF/J: Trophic Interactions Within a Wetland Food Web That Influence Populations of Midge Detritivores

PRF/J：湿地食物网内的营养相互作用影响蠓食腐动物种群

• 批准号: 9303248
• 负责人: Darold Batzer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NY Fellowships
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1997-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9303248&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PRF; Trophic; Interactions; Within; Wetland

Because recent studies in lakes and rivers indicate that trophic interactions strongly influence community structure, it might be expected that such interactions would similarly influence wetland communities. However while the primary producers examined in most lake and river studies were live plants, most consumable primary production in wetlands is detritus. Thus food web dynamics in wetlands probably differ from those in other aquatic systems. Previous wetland researchers have manipulated the bottom-up force of detritus biomass but detritivore populations often don't respond; wetland detritivores may not be resource limited. Few investigations have examined how wetland detritivores are influenced by top-down forces of predation. Experiments that examine how bottom-up interactions with detritus and top-down interactions with predators concurrently affect populations of detritivorous midges are planned. Using enclosure/exclosure mesocosms (2 x 2 m) in a New York wetland, the following phenomena will be examined: midge responses to plant litter biomass, first- level predator densities (insects), and second-level predator densities (fish). The relative influences on midges of food and habitat heterogeneity from detritus will be determined. %%% Wetland habitats are arguably the least understood of all aquatic habitats and are the most endangered as well. These days, policy decisions regarding wetlands are being made with insufficient scientific information. In addition to addressing theoretical questions about wetlands, this work has implications for applied ecology because midges are important links between primary producers and higher level consumers (such as passerine birds and waterfowl).

因为最近对湖泊和河流的研究表明， 营养相互作用强烈影响群落结构， 可能预计这种相互作用也会产生类似的影响 湿地群落 然而，当初级生产者检查 在大多数湖泊和河流研究中， 湿地的初级生产物是碎屑。 因此食物网动力学 在湿地中可能不同于其他水生系统。 以前的湿地研究人员已经操纵了自下而上的力量 碎屑生物量，但食腐动物种群往往不 回应;湿地食腐动物可能不受资源限制。 几 调查研究了湿地食草动物是如何 受到自上而下的捕食力量的影响。 实验 研究自下而上与碎屑的相互作用以及自上而下 与捕食者的相互作用同时影响着 计划中的蚊子。 使用外壳/围护结构 在纽约湿地的中型生态系统（2 × 2米）中， 将审查：蠓对植物凋落物生物量的反应，首先- 一级捕食者密度（昆虫）和二级捕食者密度 密度（鱼）。 食物与环境因子对蠓类的相对影响 将确定来自碎屑的生境异质性。 %%% 湿地栖息地可以说是所有水生生物中了解最少的 也是最濒危的物种。 如今，政策 关于湿地的决定是在没有足够的 科学信息。 除了解决理论问题外， 关于湿地的问题，这项工作对应用 因为蠓是初级生态系统之间的重要联系 生产者和更高层次的消费者（如雀形目鸟类， 水禽）。