Collaborative Research: A Collaborative Study: ExperimentalSimulations of Volcanic Eruptions

密歇根大学和加州理工学院将开展一项合作和跨学科的研究计划，以调查发生在火山喷发管道和喷口附近的快速过程和流动的物理和化学。对火山喷发的实验模拟将在小范围内进行，系统将复制喷发过程中气泡生长和岩浆破碎所产生的速度和加速度。该装置由一个测试单元组成，该测试单元将气体排放到一个可以抽空的水箱中。初步结果表明，简单的CO2-H2O体系表现出多种喷发方式，从爆发性喷发，到剧烈的鼓泡和脱气(但没有喷发)，再到平静的出溶和偶尔的鼓泡。这项工作将沿着三个方向继续进行：(1)各种控制条件下的实验模拟，改变粘度、表面张力、CO2扩散系数、洞室形状、压力等参数；(2)将实验结果外推到自然岩浆系统的标度规律的理论研究；以及(3)发展观察和量化碎裂机制的方法。

A collaborative and cross-disciplinary research program at the University of Michigan and California Institute of Technology will be carried out to investigate the physics and chemistry of the fast processes and flows which occur in the conduits and near the vents of erupting volcanoes. Experimental simulations of volcanic eruptions will be carried out at small scale with systems which duplicate the velocities and accelerations generated during eruption by bubble growth and magma fragmentation. The apparatus consists of a test cell which exhausts into a tank which can be evacuated. Preliminary results show that the simple system CO2-H2O exhibits a variety of eruptive styles, ranging from explosive eruption, to violent bubbling and degassing (but no eruption), to quiet exsolution with occasional bubbling. This work will be continued in three directions: (1) experimental simulation under a variety of controlled conditions, varying such parameters as viscosity, surface tension, diffusion coefficient of CO2, chamber shape, pressure, etc., (2) theoretical study of scaling laws for extrapolating experimental laboratory results to natural magmatic systems; and (3) development of methods for observing and quantifying the mechanism of fragmentation.