Biochemistry of Luminescence

发光生物化学

• 批准号: 9303842
• 负责人: Osamu Shimomura
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-08-01 至 1996-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9303842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biochemistry; Luminescence

9303842 Shimomura Bioluminescence is a phenomenon of chemiluminescence that occurs in the body or secretion of wide varieties of organisms. The energy required for light emission is supplied by the oxidation of a luciferin catalyzed by a specific luciferase, or through a reaction involving a photoprotein. The light-emitting reactions of different types of organisms are often significantly different, thus there are a number of different luminescence systems. The ultimate goal of this project is the complete biochemical understanding of bioluminescence and its roles. To achieve this goal, it is essential to identify the necessary key components and determine their chemical structures in various different types of bioluminescence system and also to elucidate the mechanism of the light-emitting reactions. The knowledge on bioluminescence presently available includes the chemical structures of 8 different luciferins and significant information on 19 different bioluminescence systems, of which the P.I. contributed to 5 of the luciferins and 12 of the bioluminescence systems, including the system of the photoprotein aequorin. Studies will be carried out on bioluminescence in fungi and euphausiid shrimp (krill). The mechanism of oxygenation in bioluminescence reactions will also be studied. %%% The long-range objective of this research is the complete biochemical understanding of bioluminescence, which encompasses the fundamental reaction mechanism of light emission and the roles of bioluminescence reactions in living organisms. In this research, it is of primary importance to determine the chemical nature of the key substances and to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions involved, in various different bioluminescence systems that occur in diverse types of organisms. ***

9303842 Shimomura 生物发光是一种化学发光现象，发生在多种生物体的体内或分泌物中。 发光所需的能量是通过特定荧光素酶催化的荧光素氧化或通过涉及发光蛋白的反应来提供的。 不同类型的生物体的发光反应往往存在显着差异，因而存在多种不同的发光系统。 该项目的最终目标是对生物发光及其作用的完整生化理解。 为了实现这一目标，有必要确定各种不同类型的生物发光系统中必要的关键成分并确定其化学结构，并阐明发光反应的机制。 目前可获得的生物发光知识包括8种不同荧光素的化学结构和19种不同生物发光系统的重要信息，其中P.I.贡献了 5 个荧光素和 12 个生物发光系统，包括发光蛋白水母发光蛋白系统。 将对真菌和磷虾的生物发光进行研究。 还将研究生物发光反应中的氧化机制。 %%% 这项研究的长期目标是对生物发光的完整生化理解，其中包括光发射的基本反应机制以及生物发光反应在生物体中的作用。 在这项研究中，最重要的是确定不同类型生物体中发生的各种不同生物发光系统中关键物质的化学性质并阐明所涉及的反应机制。 ***