SEM and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Etruscan Amphoras

伊特鲁里亚双耳瓶的 SEM 和电子显微镜分析

• 批准号: 9305144
• 负责人: Michael Dietler
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1995-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9305144&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SEM; Electron; Microprobe; Analysis; Etruscan

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Michael Dietler will conduct chemical analyses on a series of ceramic samples of Etruscan amphoras collected from well dated sites in Southern France. Using techniques only recently applied to ceramics he will conduct combined scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron microprobe examination. On this basis he will determine the chemical composition of the constituent clays and hopefully separate the amphorae into distinct groups. He will then compare these groupings to those derived from stylistic analysis of such attributes as vessel shape and size. In this first step of a longer term project Dr. Dietler hopes to either confirm or revise the topology developed by archaeologists over many years. In the next stage he will attempt to use similar chemical analysis to tie these classes to places of origin in Etruscan Italy. Surprisingly, although archaeologists know that these amphorae were made by Etruscan peoples in Italy, most recovered examples come either from shipwrecks or sites in southern France. Very little information is available from their points of origin. These vessels were used to carry wine to France and were ultimately discarded there. The underlying issue which Dr. Dietler wishes to examine concerns neither wine nor amphorae per se, but rather cultural, political and economic relations between political entities at different stages of development. During Etruscan times, from approximately the 7th to 3rd millennia BC state level societies developed in Italy while in northern and western Europe people still lived at a less complex tribal stage of organization. Dr. Dieter wants to understand the strategies employed by the Etruscans in the interactions with their less developed neighbors and how groups in southern France reacted and underwent partial, selective acculturation. In addition to the knowledge this research will provide about European prehistory, it is important because of the methodological contribution it will make. Although the combined SEM electron microprobe technique is currently used in geological studies it has not been applied in archaeological contexts. If it is successful, it may greatly simplify ceramic analysts' work. Dr. Dieter's research constitutes a first practical test and the methodological implications are considerable.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，迈克尔·迪特勒博士将对从法国南部古老遗址收集的一系列伊特鲁里亚双耳陶罐陶瓷样品进行化学分析。他将使用最近才应用于陶瓷的技术进行扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和电子显微探针联合检查。在此基础上，他将确定粘土的化学成分，并有望将双耳瓶分成不同的组。然后，他会将这些分组与从容器形状和大小等属性的风格分析中得出的分组进行比较。在长期项目的第一步中，迪特勒博士希望确认或修改考古学家多年来开发的拓扑结构。在下一阶段，他将尝试使用类似的化学分析将这些类别与意大利伊特鲁里亚的起源地联系起来。令人惊讶的是，尽管考古学家知道这些双耳细颈瓶是由意大利的伊特鲁里亚人制造的，但大多数发现的例子要么来自沉船，要么来自法国南部的遗址。从它们的起源地获得的信息非常少。这些船只被用来将葡萄酒运往法国，最终被丢弃在那里。 迪特勒博士希望研究的根本问题既不是葡萄酒也不是双耳细颈瓶本身，而是不同发展阶段的政治实体之间的文化、政治和经济关系。在伊特鲁里亚时期，大约从公元前七世纪到公元前三千年，国家级社会在意大利发展起来，而北欧和西欧的人们仍然生活在不太复杂的部落组织阶段。迪特博士想要了解伊特鲁里亚人在与欠发达邻国互动时所采用的策略，以及法国南部的群体如何反应并经历部分、选择性的文化适应。 这项研究除了提供有关欧洲史前史的知识外，它的重要意义还在于它将做出的方法论贡献。尽管组合式 SEM 电子微探针技术目前已用于地质研究，但尚未应用于考古领域。如果成功，可能会大大简化陶瓷分析师的工作。迪特博士的研究构成了第一个实际测试，其方法意义重大。