SEM and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Etruscan Amphoras

伊特鲁里亚双耳瓶的 SEM 和电子显微镜分析

• 批准号: 9305144
• 负责人: Michael Dietler
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1995-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9305144&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SEM; Electron; Microprobe; Analysis; Etruscan

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Michael Dietler will conduct chemical analyses on a series of ceramic samples of Etruscan amphoras collected from well dated sites in Southern France. Using techniques only recently applied to ceramics he will conduct combined scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron microprobe examination. On this basis he will determine the chemical composition of the constituent clays and hopefully separate the amphorae into distinct groups. He will then compare these groupings to those derived from stylistic analysis of such attributes as vessel shape and size. In this first step of a longer term project Dr. Dietler hopes to either confirm or revise the topology developed by archaeologists over many years. In the next stage he will attempt to use similar chemical analysis to tie these classes to places of origin in Etruscan Italy. Surprisingly, although archaeologists know that these amphorae were made by Etruscan peoples in Italy, most recovered examples come either from shipwrecks or sites in southern France. Very little information is available from their points of origin. These vessels were used to carry wine to France and were ultimately discarded there. The underlying issue which Dr. Dietler wishes to examine concerns neither wine nor amphorae per se, but rather cultural, political and economic relations between political entities at different stages of development. During Etruscan times, from approximately the 7th to 3rd millennia BC state level societies developed in Italy while in northern and western Europe people still lived at a less complex tribal stage of organization. Dr. Dieter wants to understand the strategies employed by the Etruscans in the interactions with their less developed neighbors and how groups in southern France reacted and underwent partial, selective acculturation. In addition to the knowledge this research will provide about European prehistory, it is important because of the methodological contribution it will make. Although the combined SEM electron microprobe technique is currently used in geological studies it has not been applied in archaeological contexts. If it is successful, it may greatly simplify ceramic analysts' work. Dr. Dieter's research constitutes a first practical test and the methodological implications are considerable.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，迈克尔·迪特勒博士将 对一系列陶瓷样品进行化学分析， 伊特鲁里亚人的双耳细颈瓶收集自南部的年代久远的遗址， 法国他将使用最近才应用于陶瓷的技术， 进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子显微镜 微探针检测在此基础上，他将确定 粘土的化学成分， 将双耳细颈瓶分成不同的组。然后他会比较 这些分组从文体分析， 血管形状和大小的属性。在这个更长的 Dietler博士希望确认或修改 考古学家多年来发展的拓扑学。未来 阶段，他将尝试使用类似的化学分析， 类的原产地在伊特鲁里亚意大利。令人惊奇的是， 尽管考古学家知道这些双耳细颈瓶是由 在意大利的伊特鲁里亚人，大多数恢复的例子来自于 法国南部的沉船或遗址。信息非常少 可从其原产地获得。这些船只被用来 把葡萄酒运到法国，最后被丢弃在那里。 Dietler博士希望研究的根本问题是 既不是葡萄酒，也不是土罐本身，而是文化，政治 不同政治实体之间的经济关系 发展阶段在伊特鲁里亚时期， 公元前7000年至公元前3000年， 意大利，而在北方和西欧，人们仍然生活在一个 不那么复杂的部落组织阶段。迪特尔医生想 理解伊特鲁里亚人在 与欠发达的邻居的互动，以及 法国南部做出了反应， 文化适应 除了知识，这项研究将提供关于 欧洲史前史，它是重要的，因为方法论 它将做出的贡献。虽然结合SEM电子 微探针技术目前用于地质研究， 没有在考古学中使用过。如果成功了， 它可以大大简化陶瓷分析师的工作。迪特尔医生的 研究构成了第一个实际测试和方法 影响是相当大的。