Hybridization of Darwin's Finches on the Galapagos Islands

加拉帕戈斯群岛达尔文雀的杂交

• 批准号: 9306753
• 负责人: Peter Grant
• 金额: $ 20.15万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-10-15 至 1997-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9306753&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hybridization; Darwin; Finches; Galapagos; Islands

9306753 Grant The study of hybridization is important in evolutionary biology because it reveals the forces at work in the final stages of speciation. Some populations of animal species commonly hybridize, but it is usually difficult if not impossible tho determine the causes and consequences of hybridization in nature. The proposed research takes advantage of an exceptionally favorable situation for investigating the causes of hybridization and the reasons for relatively high fitness of the hybrids. On the small island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos archipelago the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis, occasionally interbreeds with the two others; G.scandens, a resident species, G. fuliginosa, an immigrant. Pedigree analysis has shown that hybrids may survive and breed as well or better than the parental species, over several years. Ecological reasons for their high fitness will be investigated by intensive study of feeding efficiencies and diets. Possible advantages arising from enhanced heterozygosity will be assessed by an analysis of inbreeding effects in the G.fortis and G.scandens populations. Causes of interbreeding will be identified by statistical analysis of mating patterns. %%% There are basic and applied aspects of the proposed research. Results will be of theoretical importance to our understanding of speciation. A demonstration of the role of hybridization in maintaining genetic variation in small and potentially endangered populations will be the value to the applied field of conservation biology.

9306753 Grant 杂交研究在进化生物学中很重要，因为它揭示了物种形成最后阶段的作用力。 一些动物物种种群通常会杂交，但确定自然界中杂交的原因和后果通常是困难的，甚至是不可能的。 本研究利用了一个非常有利的条件来调查杂交的原因以及杂交种相对较高适应性的原因。 在加拉帕戈斯群岛的大达芙妮小岛上，中型地雀（Geospiza fortis）偶尔会与另外两种进行杂交。 G.scandens，留鸟种，G.fuliginosa，移民种。 谱系分析表明，在数年内，杂交种的生存和繁殖能力可能与亲本物种一样好，甚至更好。 将通过对饲养效率和饮食的深入研究来调查它们高度健康的生态原因。 将通过分析 G.fortis 和 G.scandens 群体的近交效应来评估杂合性增强所产生的可能优势。 杂交的原因将通过交配模式的统计分析来确定。 %%% 拟议研究有基础和应用方面。 结果对于我们理解物种形成具有重要的理论意义。 证明杂交在维持小型和潜在濒危种群遗传变异方面的作用对于保护生物学的应用领域将具有价值。