Speciation in Darwin's Finches

达尔文雀的物种形成

• 批准号: 0235881
• 负责人: Peter Grant
• 金额: $ 33.7万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235881&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Speciation; Darwin; Finches

Speciation is the fundamental process in evolution that generates biological diversity. There is much debate on how it occurs and what the responsible mechanisms are. Most recent advances in understanding have come from genetic analyses of closely related species in the laboratory. Less is known from studies in nature about the ecological circumstances and microevolutionary forces responsible for speciation. The proposed research takes advantage of an exceptionally favorable situation provided by Darwin's Finches on the Galapagos islands. They are an intact group living in a largely undisturbed environment. Four species have been intensively studied on the small island of Daphne Major for 30 years. Building on this, populations at different stages in the speciation process will be investigated by a combination of methods; direct observations of individually marked birds to determine breeding patterns and survival, and responses to experimental playback of tape-recorded songs to determine behavioral limits to species recognition. Results of this research will help to clarify the mechanisms of speciation under natural circumstances. There are two broader impacts. First, the research will elucidate factors that influence and maintain genetic variation in small and potentially endangered populations in need of conservation. Second, results of the long-term study will serve an educational function in the media.

物种形成是产生生物多样性的进化的基本过程。关于它是如何发生的以及负责的机制是什么，有很多争论。最新的认识进展来自实验室对密切相关物种的遗传分析。从自然界的研究中，我们对物种形成的生态环境和微进化力量知之甚少。拟议中的研究利用了加拉帕戈斯群岛上达尔文雀提供的异常有利的环境。他们是一个完整的群体，生活在一个基本上不受干扰的环境中。30年来，人们一直在Daphne Major小岛上对四个物种进行深入研究。在此基础上，在物种形成过程中的不同阶段的人口将进行调查的方法相结合，个别标记的鸟类，以确定繁殖模式和生存的直接观察，并响应录音带录制的歌曲，以确定行为限制物种识别的实验播放。 研究结果将有助于阐明自然条件下物种形成的机制。有两个更广泛的影响。首先，这项研究将阐明影响和维持需要保护的小型和潜在濒危种群遗传变异的因素。第二，长期研究的结果将在媒体中发挥教育作用。