Collaborative Research on Trade Unions, Employers' Organizations and Collective Bargaining: Data Collection andAnalysis for Nineteen Countries

9309391近年来，先进工业民主国家的工会、雇主协会和工资谈判进程的组织结构一直是大量研究的主题。自1974年以来，各国宏观经济表现的显著差异促使学者们研究工资制定制度如何影响劳动力市场的运行状况。大多数文献认为，集中式谈判制度产生了优越的宏观经济结果，特别是通过防止个别工会试图以牺牲属于其他工会或根本没有工会的工人的利益来提高自己成员的工资，从而产生更好的宏观经济结果。然而，许多研究认为恰恰相反，分散的工资设置提供了最大的灵活性和对当地劳动力市场条件的敏感性。最近，高度集中和高度分散的系统都比中等程度集中的系统工作得更好的中间地位得到了广泛的接受。到目前为止，所有的研究都是在薄弱的经验基础上进行的。基本问题是，没有人针对工资制定机构的不同属性制定出足够的衡量标准，这些机构可能会对经济表现产生影响。在这项研究中，调查人员继续他们的工作，以汇编一个支持的跨国家和纵向数据库，其中汇集了工资制定过程中最重要的制度特征。在收集数据时，调查人员将来自二手来源的信息、每个国家主要劳动力市场参与者提供的数据和专家调查整合在一起。他们的数据将被构建成能够在一段时间内以及国家之间进行可靠的比较。在这些数据的基础上，调查员提议建立工会组织、雇主和集体谈判的关键方面的指标，这些数据将公开供其他学者使用。最后，他们打算使用这些指标来检验谈判制度、工资形成和总体经济表现的各个方面之间的关系。***

9309391 Golden The organizational structure of trade unions, employers' associations and the process of wage bargaining in advanced industrial democracies has been the subject of considerable research in recent years. Since 1974, the striking cross-national differences in macroeconomic performance has led scholars to study the ways that wage-setting institutions affect how well the labor market functions. The majority of the literature argues that centralized bargaining systems produce superior macroeconomic outcomes, expecially lower unemployment, by preventing individual unions from seeking to improve their own members' wages at the expense of workers who belong to other unions or to no union at all. Yet many studies argue the opposite, that decentralized wage setting offers the greatest flexibility and sensitivity of wages to conditions in the local labor market. Most recently, the intermediate position that both highly centralized and highly decentralized systems work better than systems with intermediate levels of centralization has gained wide acceptance. All of the research to date has proceeded on a weak empirical base. The basic problem is that no one has developed adequate measures of the different attributes of wage-setting institutions that might matter for economic performance. In this research, the investigators continue their work of compiling a sustematic cross- national and longitudinal data base coverning the most important institutional characteristics of the wage setting process. In collecting the data, the investigators put together information from secondary sources, data supplied by the major labor market actors in each of the countries, and expert surveys. Their data will be constructed to allow reliable comparisons over time and between countries. On the basis of the data, which will be made publicly available for use by other scholars, the investigators propose to construct indicators of critical aspects of the organization of unions, employers and collective bargaining. Finally, they intend to use the indicators to test the relationship between bargaining institutions, wage formation, and various aspects of aggregate economic performance. ***